대한지역사회작업치료학회지 (The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy)

대한지역사회작업치료학회 (Korean Society of Community Based Occupational Therapy Association)
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정상노화 과정에 따른 일화기억 하위요소의 변화양상에 관한 연구 : 사물, 공간위치, 시간순서 기억을 중심으로

Declines in the Components of Episodic Memory by Normal Aging Focusing on Object, Spatial Location, Temporal Order Memory

  • 허서윤 (경복대학교 작업치료과) ;
  • 박진혁 (순천향대학교 의료과학대학 작업치료학과)
  • Heo, Seo-Yoon (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Kyungbok University) ;
  • Park, Jin-Hyuck (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 투고 : 2019.06.10
  • 심사 : 2019.08.22
  • 발행 : 2019.08.31
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초록

목적 : 본 연구는 정상노화 과정에 따른 일화기억 저하 양상을 일화기억의 하위요소인 사물, 공간위치, 시간순서 기억을 중심으로 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 20대부터 80대 이상까지의 건강한 젊은 성인과 노인 77명이 본 연구에 참여하였으며, 일화기억을 평가하기 위한 컴퓨터 인지과제를 수행하였다. 인지과제는 사물, 공간위치, 시간순서 기억을 각각 평가하기 위한 세 가지 항목으로 구성되어 있었으며, 주변에서 흔하게 볼 수 있는 사진 10장을 이용하여 검사를 진행하였다. 사진 10장을 본 이후에 사진 속의 사물의 종류, 사물의 위치, 사진이 제시된 순서를 물어보는 과정을 통해 평가를 진행하였으며, 각 하위검사의 정답률을 연령대별로 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구 결과, 사물과 공간위치 기억은 정상노화에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 반면, 시간순서 기억은 정상노화 과정 속에서 큰 폭으로 저하되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 세부적으로 살펴보면 시간순서 기억은 40대 이상부터 20~30대에 비해 유의한 저하가 발생하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었고 80대 이후에는 사물 기억이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 즉 정상 노화 과정에 따라 시간순서 기억이 가장 먼저 감소되고 사물 기억이 가장 마지막에 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 정상노화 과정에 따른 일화기억의 하위요소별 저하 양상을 제시하였다. 사물 기억에 초점을 맞춘 기존의 신경심리학적 검사들을 통해 제한적으로 확인하였던 공간위치와 시간순서 기억의 저하 양상을 세부적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 정상노화에 따른 일화기억의 저하에서 벗어난 일화기억의 손상을 선별하는데 도움이 될 것이며, 정상노인에게 시행되는 예방적인 인지 중재에 공간위치와 시간순서 기억의 훈련이 포함되어야 할 근거를 제시한다.

Objective : The purpose of this technical research is to determine decline of episodic memory by normal aging focucing on object, spatial location, and temporal order memory. Methods : We allocated seventy-seven of healthy adults from twenty to eighty years old, and performed computer-based cognitive tasks which were consisted of the object, spatial location, and temporal order memory. We used OpenSesame(OpenSesame Inc, OR), put ten pictures people normally see in their daily life, and evaluated those aspects through asking the objects types, object spatial locations, and picture temporal orders from 10 sheets of the picture. Results : Object and spatial location memory were not affected by normal aging whereas, temporal order memory significantly decreased with normal aging. Specifically, temporal order memory for in their age of forty was significantly decreased compared with their age of twenty and object memory at their age of eighty was relatively high compared to spatial location and temporal order memory. We found out that temporal order memory worse fastest and object memory lasted longest. Conclusion : In this study, we confirmed characteristics of declines of episodic memory consisting of object, spatial location, and temporal order memory. Notably, we could specifically identify declines of spatial location and temporal order memory with normal aging previous studies investigated on a limited basis using conventional neuropsychological assessments. These findings would be helpful to screen impairment in episodic memory by normal aging and provide an evidence that cognitive intervention for healthy older adults needs to include spatial and temporal aspect of memory.

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참고문헌

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