Fig. 1. Five phases of settlement occurrence according to TBM construction
Fig. 2. Definition of gap (Lee et al., 1992)
Fig. 3. Transverse settlement trough (Peck, 1969)
Fig. 4. Site investigation (longitudinal section)
Fig. 5. Characteristics of clay
Fig. 6. Characteristics of sand and soil
Fig. 7. Grain size distributions
Fig. 8. The schematic diagram of a shield TBM
Fig. 9. Instrumentation locations
Fig. 10. Surface settlement monitoring data
Fig. 11. Ground surface settlement in the longitudinal direction of tunnel against time
Fig. 12. Surface settlement by various depth tunnels
Fig. 13. Volume loss of interference
Fig. 14. Volume loss vs. rock cover of tunnel
Fig. 15. Volume of interference vs. separation distance of tunnels
Fig. 16. Comparison of settlement range and monitoring data by excavation diameter
Fig. 17. Comparison of 1.0 D and 1.5 D settlement data and monitoring data
Fig. 18. Settlement proposal model
Fig. 19. Theoretical settlement by Peck vs. Modification
Table 1. Specifications of a shield TBM
Table 2. Volume loss by monitoring data
Table 3. Settlement measurement results
Table 4. Proposed equations for the estimation of 𝒾 (Kim, 2013)
References
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Cited by
- Prediction of Subsidence during TBM Operation in Mixed-Face Ground Conditions from Realtime Monitoring Data vol.11, pp.24, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412130