References
- DeSantis CE, Lin CC, Mariotto AB, Siegel RL, Stein KD, Kramer JL, Alteri R, Robbins AS, Jemal A. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:252-71. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21235
- Jung KW, Won YJ, Kong HJ, Oh CM, Lee DH, Lee JS. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2011. Cancer Res Treat 2014;46:109-23. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.109
- Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelialemesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014;15:178-96. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3758
- Huang A, Gilmour JW, Imami N, Amjadi P, Henderson DC, Allen-Mersh TG. Increased serum transforming growth factor-beta1 in human colorectal cancer correlates with reduced circulating dendritic cells and increased colonic Langerhans cell infiltration. Clin Exp Immunol 2003;134:270-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02295.x
-
Calon A, Espinet E, Palomo-Ponce S, Tauriello DV, Iglesias M, Cespedes MV, Sevillano M, Nadal C, Jung P, Zhang XH, et al. Dependency of colorectal cancer on a TGF-
${\beta}$ -driven program in stromal cells for metastasis initiation. Cancer Cell 2012;22:571-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.013 -
Heldin CH, Vanlandewijck M, Moustakas A. Regulation of EMT by
$TGF{\beta}$ in cancer. FEBS Lett 2012;586:1959-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.037 - Jeon C, Kang S, Park S, Lim K, Hwang KW, Min H. Cell stimulatory effects of Korean Red Ginseng through modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Ginseng Res 2011;35:462-70. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.462
- Choi JY, Woo TS, Yoon SY, Campomayor dela Pena I, Choi YJ, Ahn HS, Lee YS, Yu GY, Cheong JH. Red ginseng supplementation more effectively alleviates psychological than physical fatigue. J Ginseng Res 2011;35:331-8. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.331
- Kee JY, Jeon YD, Kim DS, Han YH, Park J, Youn DH, Kim SJ, Ahn KS, Um JY, Hong SH. Korean Red Ginseng improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by suppressing expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo and in vitro. J Ginseng Res 2017;41:134-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.003
- Park JG, Son YJ, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells. J Ginseng Res 2016;40:431-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.07.006
- Lee SM, Bae BS, Park HW, Ahn NG, Cho BG, Cho YL, Kwak YS. Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): history, preparation method, and chemical composition. J Ginseng Res 2015;39:384-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.009
- Chen XJ, Liu WJ, Wen ML, Liang H, Wu SM, Zhu YZ, Zhao JY, Dong XQ, Li MG, Bian L, et al. Ameliorative effects of compound K and ginsenoside Rh1 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Sci Rep 2017;7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41144.
- Li J, Du J, Liu D, Cheng B, Fang F, Weng L, Wang C, Ling C. Ginsenoside Rh1 potentiates dexamethasone's anti-inflammatory effects for chronic inflammatory disease by reversing dexamethasone-induced resistance. Arthritis Res Ther 2014;16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar4556.
- Yang J, Yuan D, Xing T, Su H, Zhang S, Wen J, Bai Q, Dang D. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibiting HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation through blocking PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase. J Ginseng Res 2016;40:400-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.007
- Kim MJ, Yun H, Kim DH, Kang I, Choe W, Kim SS, Ha J. AMP-activated protein kinase determines apoptotic sensitivity of cancer cells to ginsenoside-Rh2. J Ginseng Res 2014;38:16-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.010
- Seo EY, Kim WK. Red ginseng extract reduced metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Ginseng Res 2011;35:315-24. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.315
- Ho YL, Li KC, Chao W, Chang YS, Huang GJ. Korean Red Ginseng suppresses metastasis of human hepatoma SK-Hep1 cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/965846.
- Mochizuki M, Yoo YC, Matsuzawa K, Sato K, Saiki I, Tono-oka S, Samukawa K, Azuma I. Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside-Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull 1995;18:1197-202. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1197
- Shibata S. Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds. J Korean Med Sci 2001;16(Suppl):S28-37. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S28
- Gialeli C, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression and their pharmacological targeting. FEBS J 2011;278:16-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07919.x
- Bates RC, Mercurio AM. The epithelialemesenchymal transition (EMT) and colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2005;4:365-70. https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.4.4.1646
- Tian L, Shen D, Li X, Shan X, Wang X, Yan Q, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits epithelialemesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of lung cancer by down-regulating FUT4. Oncotarget 2016;7:1619-32. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6451
-
Kim YJ, Choi WI, Jeon BN, Choi KC, Kim K, Kim TJ, Ham J, Jang HJ, Kang KS, Ko H. Stereospecific effects of ginsenoside 20-Rg3 inhibits TGF-
${\beta}1$ -induced epithelialemesenchymal transition and suppresses lung cancer migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. Toxicology 2014;322:23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2014.04.002 - Yilmaz M, Christofori G, Lehembre F. Distinct mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis. Trends Mol Med 2007;13:535-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2007.10.004
- Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Cha SW, Lee SG. Anti-metastatic effects of ginsenoside Rd via inactivation of MAPK signaling and induction of focal adhesion formation. Phytomedicine 2012;19:284-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.08.069
Cited by
- Copy number variations primed lncRNAs deregulation contribute to poor prognosis in colorectal cancer vol.11, pp.16, 2019, https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102168
- Korean Red Ginseng Extract Increases Apoptosis by Activation of the Noxa Pathway in Colorectal Cancer vol.11, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092026
- Hepatoprotective Potency of Chrysophanol 8- O -Glucoside from Rheum palmatum L. against Hepatic Fibrosis via Regulation of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway vol.21, pp.23, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239044
- Role of TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis vol.20, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9438
- The Protection of Crocin Against Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer via Suppression of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation vol.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.639458
- Effect of Korean Red Ginseng and Rg3 on Asian Sand Dust-Induced MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells vol.26, pp.7, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072002
- Antitumour metastasis and the antiangiogenic and antitumour effects of a Eimeria stiedae soluble protein vol.43, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12825
- Pharmacological properties of ginsenosides in inflammation-derived cancers vol.476, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04162-w