DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of smartphone accelerometer applications for structural vibration monitoring

  • Cahill, Paul (Dynamical Systems & Risk Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI), University College Dublin) ;
  • Quirk, Lucy (Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI), Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork) ;
  • Dewan, Priyanshu (Indian Institute of Technology-Benaras Hindu University) ;
  • Pakrashi, Vikram (Dynamical Systems & Risk Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI), University College Dublin)
  • Received : 2018.06.23
  • Accepted : 2018.07.13
  • Published : 2019.01.25

Abstract

Recent generations of smartphones offer accelerometer sensors as a standard feature. While this has led to the development of a number of related applications (apps), there has been no study on their comparative or individual performance against a benchmark. This paper investigates the comparative performance of a number of smartphone accelerometer apps amongst themselves and to a calibrated benchmark accelerometer. A total of 12 apps were selected for testing out of 90 following an initial review. The selected apps were subjected to sinusoidal vibration testing of varying frequency and the response of each compared against the calibrated baseline accelerometer. The performance of apps was quantified using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and test of significance was carried out. The apps were then compared for a realistic dynamic scenario of measuring the acceleration response of a bridge due to the passage of a French Train $\grave{a}$ Grande Vitesse (TGV) in a laboratory environment.

Keywords

References

  1. Cahill, P., Hazra, B., Karoumi, R., Mathewson, A. and Pakrashi, V. (2018), "Vibration energy harvesting based monitoring of a bridge undergoing forced vibrations", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 106, 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.01.007
  2. Cahill, P., Nuallain, N.A.N., Jackson, N., Mathewson, A., Karoumi, R. and Pakrashi, V. (2014), "Energy harvesting from train-induced response in bridges", ASCE J. Bridge Eng., 19(9), 04014034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000608
  3. Daponte, P., De Vito, L., Picariello, F. and Riccio, M. (2013), "State of the art and future developments of measurement applications on smartphones", Measurement, 46(9), 3291-3307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.05.006
  4. Dashti, S., Bray, J.D., Reilly, J., Glaser, S., Bayen, A. and Mari, E. (2014), "Evaluating the reliability of phones as seismic monitoring instruments", Earthq. Spectra, 30(2), 721-742. https://doi.org/10.1193/091711EQS229M
  5. Feng, M., Fukuda, Y., Mizuta, M. and Ozer, E. (2015), "Citizen sensors for SHM: Use of accelerometer data from smartphones", Sensors, 15(2), 2980-2998. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150202980
  6. Gartner (2015), Gartner Says Smartphone Sales Surpassed One Billion Units in 2014; Gartner, Stamford, U.S.A. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2996817.
  7. Giardini, M.E., Livingstone, I.A.T., Jordan, S., Bolster, N.M., Peto, T., Burton, M. and Bastawrous, A. (2014), "A smartphone based ophthalmoscope", Proceedings of 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, U.S.A., August.
  8. Guido, G., Vitale, A., Astarita, V., Saccomanno, F., Giofre, V.P. and Gallelli, V. (2012), "Estimation of safety performance measures from smartphone sensors", Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 54, 1095-1103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.824
  9. Haberman, Z.C., Jahn, R.T., Bose, R., Tun, H., Shinbane, J.S., Doshi, R.N., Chang, R.M. and Saxon, L.A. (2015), "Wireless smartphone ECG enables large-scale screening in diverse populations", J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 26(5), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12634
  10. Hemminki, S., Nurmi, P. and Tarkoma, S. (2013), "Accelerometer-based transportation mode detection on smartphones", Proceedings of 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Rome, Italy, November.
  11. Hopfner, H., Morgenthal, G., Schirmer, M., Naujoks, M. and Halang, C. (2013), "On measuring mechanical oscillations using smartphone sensors: Possibilities and limitation", ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Comput. Commun. Rev., 17(4), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1145/2557968.2557972
  12. Kardous, C.A. and Shaw, P.B. (2014), "Evaluation of smartphone sound measurement applications", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 135(4), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4865269
  13. Kronbauer, A.H., Santos, C.A.S. and Vieira, V. (2012), "Smartphone applications usability evaluation: A hybrid model and its implementation", Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, Toulouse, France, October.
  14. Lane, N.D., Miluzzo, E., Lu, H., Peebles, D., Choudhury, T. and Campbell, A.T. (2010), "A survey of mobile phone sensing", IEEE Commun. Mag., 48(9), 140-150. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2010.5560598
  15. Liu, M. (2013), "A study of mobile sensing using smartphones", In. J. Distrib. Sens. N., 9(3), 272916. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/272916
  16. Le, V. and Yu, T. (2015), "Mass and stiffness estimation using mobile devices for structural health monitoring", Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2015, 9437, 94371B.
  17. Morgenthal, G. (2012), "The application of smartphones in bridge inspection and monitoring", IABSE Congress Report, 18(23), 610-618. https://doi.org/10.2749/222137912805110925
  18. Mourcou, Q., Fleury, A., Franco, C., Klopcic, F. and Vuillerme, N. (2015), "Performance evaluation of smartphone inertial sensors measurement for range of motion", Sensors, 15(9), 23168-23187. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150923168
  19. O'Donnell, D., Srbinovsky, B., Murphy, J., Popovici, E. and Pakrashi, V. (2015), "Sensor measurement strategies for monitoring offshore wind and wave energy devices", J. Physics, Conf. Ser., 628(1), 012117. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/628/1/012117
  20. O'Donnell, D., Wright, R., O'Byrne, M., Sadhu, A., Murphy, E., Cahill, P., Kelliher, D., Ghosh, B., Schoefs, F., Mathewson, A., Popovici, E. and Pakrashi, V. (2017), "Modelling and testing of a historical steel suspension footbridge in Ireland", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Bridge Eng., 170(2), 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.15.00047
  21. Pakrashi, V., Fitzgerald, P., O'Leary, M., Jaksic, V., Ryan, K. and Basu, B. (2018), "Assessment of structural nonlinearities employing extremes of dynamic responses", J. Vib. Control, 24(1), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546316635935
  22. Reilly, J., Dashti, S., Ervasti, M., Bray, J.D., Glaser, S.D. and Bayen, A.M. (2013), "Mobile phones as seismologic sensors: Automating data extraction for the iShake system", IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., 10(2), 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASE.2013.2245121
  23. Sharma, A. and Gupta, D. (2014), "Smartphone as a real-time and participatory data collection tool for civil engineers", Int. J. Modrn. Comput. Sci., 2(5), 22-27.
  24. Song, Y., Chee, Y., Oh, J. and Lee, S. (2014), "Development of android based chest compression feedback application using the accelerometer in smartphone", Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Prague, Czech Republic, August.
  25. Srbinovski, B., Magno, M., Edwards-Murphy, F., Pakrashi, V. and Popovici, E. (2016), "An energy aware adaptive sampling algorithm for energy harvesting WSN with energy hungry sensor", Sensors, 16(4), 448, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040448
  26. Steinhubl, S.R., Muse, E.D. and Topol, E.J. (2015), "The emerging field of mobile health", Sci. Transl. Med., 7(283), 283rv3. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3487
  27. Stiros, S. (2008), "Errors in velocities and displacements deduced from accelerographs: An approach based on the theory of error propagation", Soil dynam. Earthq. Eng., 28(5), 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.07.004
  28. Thompson, C., White, J., Dougherty, B., Albright, A. and Schmidt, D.C. (2010), "Using smartphones to detect car accidents and provide situational awareness to emergency responders", International Conference on Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
  29. Yu, Y., Han, R., Zhao, X., Mao, X., Hu, W., Jiao, D., Li, M. and Ou, J. (2015a), "Initial validation of mobile-structural health monitoring method using smartphones", Int. J. Distrib. Sens., 1-14.
  30. Yu, Y., Zhao, X., Han, R. and Ou, J. (2015b), "Design and initial validation of external sensors board of smart phones for mobile structural health monitoring system", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII'15), Torino, Italy, July.
  31. Yu, Y., Zhao, X. and Ou, J. (2012), "A new idea: Mobile structural health monitoring using Smart phones", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP), Dalian, China, July.
  32. Znidaric, A., Pakrashi, V., O'Connor, A. and O' Brien, E. (2011), "A review of road structure data in six european countries", Urban Design Planning, 164(4), 225-232 https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.900054
  33. Zhao, X., Han, R., Ding, Y., Yu, Y., Guan, Q., Hu, W., Li, M. and Ou, J. (2015a), "Portable and convenient cable force measurement using smartphone", J. Civil Struct. Health Monitor., 5(4), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-015-0132-9
  34. Zhao, X., Yu, Y., Hu, W., Jiao, D., Han, R., Mao, X., Li, M. and Ou, J. (2015b), "Cable force monitoring system of cable stayed bridges using accelerometers inside mobile smart phone", SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, 94351H-94351H7.
  35. Zhao, X., Yu, Y., Li, M. and Ou, J. (2015c), "Research on Cloud-SHM and its applications", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII'15), Torino, Italy, July.
  36. Zhao, X., Ri, K., Han, R., Yu, Y., Li, M. and Ou, J. (2016), "Experimental research on quick structural health monitoring technique for bridges using smartphone", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1871230. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1871230

Cited by

  1. Testing Walking-Induced Vibration of Floors Using Smartphones Recordings vol.9, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics9020037
  2. 교량의 동적 거동 계측을 위한 스마트폰 가속도센서의 적용성에 관한 연구 vol.23, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.21289/ksic.2020.23.5.747
  3. A marker-free method for structural dynamic displacement measurement based on optical flow vol.18, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1835999