Effects of Exercise and Nutrition on Male Body Composition and Obesity

운동과 영양 조절이 남성 연령별 체조성 및 비만에 미치는 영향

Abstract

This study is to investigate the effects of the physical activity and intake of improved food levels on male body compositions. Forty men were assigned to a percentage of body fat (PBF) group (20 men with physical exercise and food) and CONTROL group (20 men with exercise, food intake is free) for this six-month study. An aerobic capacity test to measure maximum oxygen consumption ($VO_2$ max) was performed to precisely determine the exercise intensities during the experimental conditions. After exercise and food control, the body weight of 20s with exercise and food (A) and only exercise (B) decreased about 2.3 kg and 0.4 kg after 6 months, respectively. If the p-values were 0.697(between baseline and 3 months), 0.535(between 3 months and 6 months), and 0.617(between baseline and 6 months), respectively, then 20s men had evidence of that a significant main effect does not exist amongst the observations of the outcome or within-weights. Their skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of both groups increased slightly through exercise. Although the decrease in total body weight of 30s was correlated with the increase in SMM, there was not shown significant. While total body water decreased in 20s, 40s, and 50s except 30s men, all other values did not shown significant differences. The physical activity and intake of improved food levels were contributed with lost a lot of weight, decrease of SMM and body fat.

본 연구는 운동과 영양 조절을 통한 남성 체 구성을 조사하였다. 훈련을 수행하는데 문제가 없는 건강한 40명을 임의로 선정하여 20명에게는 운동과 영양조절 그룹으로 선정하였고, 나머지 20명에게는 운동만 6개월간 수행하도록 하였다. 실험조건 동안 운동강도를 정확하게 측정하기 위해 최대산소 소모량($VO_2$ max)을 측정하였다. 운동과 영양조절일 실시한 20대 남자와 운동만 수행한 남자는 6개월 후 체중이 2.3 kg과 0.4 kg이 감소하였다. 0~3개월 간 실시한 결과에서 체중 측정값에 p값은 0.697이였으며, 3~6개월 측정값의 p값은 0.535로 나타났고, 0~6개월 측정 값의 p값은 0.617로 나타났다. 20대의 골격근은 약간 증가하였다. 30대의 체중은 6개월 후 운동과 영양조절 그룹이 4.0 kg, 운동만 수행한 그룹에서 1.3 kg이 감소하였다. 비록 체중의 감소는 골격근의 증가와 연관성이 있지만 유의성은 없었다. 체중의 변화는 지질 감소와 수분(세포 내 및 세포 간 수분) 감소와 연관이 있었다. 30대를 제외한 20대, 40대, 50대의 체중 감소는 있었지만 유의성은 없었다.

Fig. 1. Percentages of intake food during six months above/be-low recommended dietary allowances according to ages.

Table 1. Energy expenditure and duration of the low- and high- intensity exercise sessions and daily macronutrient intake

Table 2. Muscle-fat analysis and change over six months exercise training

Table 3. Body composition analysis and change over one year exercise training

Table 4. Obesity analysis and change over one year exercise training