Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimating Economic Loss due to Wildlife Damage to Agriculture and Forestry Production Near Protected Areas: Case of Mountain Villages in Gurye-gun, Korea

보호지역 인근 야생동물에 의한 농작물과 임산물 피해액 추정: 구례군 6개 산촌마을의 사례

  • Park, So-Hee (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • YOUN, Yeo-Chang (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2019.04.05
  • Accepted : 2019.11.22
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An increase in damage to crops and facilities caused by wildlife such as wild boar causes serious social and economic problems to the rural economy in Korea. This study aims to estimate the economic losses incurred to rural households in mountain villages near protected areas in Korea due to the damage to agricultural and forestry production by wildlife. The case of mountain villages located in Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun near the Jirisan National Park was studied as an example. Data were collected by interviewing 84 households across six mountain villages in April and June 2016. The results indicate that the economic losses due to wildlife damage in 2015 were estimated to be 1.65 million KRW per household, which is a total of 138.63 million KRW for the 84 households. Among local products, the most damaged products were chestnut, fern-brake, wild pear, peach, and potato, whereas the most damaged products per production area were sweet potato, peach, corn, and potato. The potential economic losses caused by wildlife damage to agricultural and forestry production in whole Gurye-gun area was estimated to be around 4.0 billion KRW in 2015. However, the municipal government budget for the compensation of wildlife damage was only 0.9 percent of the potential rural economic losses caused by wildlife damage in 2015. The results of our study suggest that the compensation scheme for wildlife damage is inadequate in the respect of social justice. Considering the low financial capacity of the municipalities in mountain areas, the central government should take a progressive responsibility by allocating more financial resources for compensation of economic losses of rural households due to wildlife damage. The equitable and effective governance of wildlife conservation is required for sustainable development of rural communities near protected areas.

최근 멧돼지와 같은 야생동물에 의한 작물 및 시설물 피해가 매우 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이 연구는 산악형 국립공원 인근 산촌주민들의 야생동물로 인한 농작물 및 임산물 피해액을 추정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2016년 4월과 6월에 지리산 국립공원과 인접한 구례군 토지면에 위치하는 6개 산촌마을을 조사하였고, 84가구로부터 얻은 자료를 토대로 분석하였다. 2015년 기준, 84가구의 야생동물에 의한 농작물 및 임산물 피해 추정액은 총 1억 3,863만원이었고, 가구당 연평균 165만원의 피해를 입었다. 이 중 야생동물에 의한 피해액이 가장 큰 것은 밤, 고사리, 돌배, 복숭아, 감자 등의 순이었으나, 단위면적당 피해액이 가장 큰 것은 고구마, 복숭아, 옥수수, 감자 등의 농작물이었다. 구례군 전체 농작물 및 임산물 생산지의 잠재적인 야생동물 피해액은 연간 약 40억 원으로 추정되었고, 구례군의 야생동물 피해 보상을 위한 연평균 예산액은 피해액의 0.9%에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 잠재적인 야생동물 피해에 대비하여 피해보상제도의 실효성을 높이기 위해서는 지자체의 재정자립도와 야생동물 피해의 책임을 고려하여 국가가 재정을 지원해야 함을 시사한다. 또한 산촌의 지속가능성을 위한 안정적인 작물 생산을 위해서는 형평성을 고려한 보상정책을 개발하고, 야생동물 피해예방시설의 효과성과 예방 지원 정책을 개선해야 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bendea, H., Cina, A., Piras,M., Marucco,G., and Mulassano, P. 2010. Posizionamento indoor con ricevitori a basso costo: quali prestazioni, 14a Conferenza nazionale ASITA Brescia, Italy. pp. 5.
  2. Gurye County. 2015. 2016 budget including revenue and expenditure. http://www.gurye.go.kr/kr/public_info/03/001/index07.jsp (accessed on 2019. 2. 21).
  3. Gurye County. 2016a. 2016 Gurye statistical yearbook. http://www.gurye.go.kr/pro/file/2016-static.zip (accessed on 2019. 2. 8).
  4. Gurye County. 2016b. 2017 budget including revenue and expenditure. http://www.gurye.go.kr/kr/public_info/03/001/index08.jsp (accessed on 2019. 2. 21).
  5. Gurye County. 2017a. 2017 Gurye statistical yearbook. http://www.gurye.go.kr/pro/file/2017-static.zip (accessed on 2019. 1. 25).
  6. Gurye County. 2017b. 2018 budget including revenue and expenditure. http://www.gurye.go.kr/kr/public_info/03/001/index09.jsp (accessed on 2019. 2. 21).
  7. Gurye County. 2017c. Ordinance on Compensation for Damage by Wild Animals. http://www1.elis.go.kr/newlaib/laibLaws/h1126/laws.jsp?regionId=46730 (2017. 6. 27).
  8. Gurye County. 2018. 2019 budget including revenue and expenditure. http://www.gurye.go.kr/kr/public_info/03/001/index10.jsp (accessed on 2019. 2. 21).
  9. Heo, H.Y. and Park, M.G. 2007. A study on the implementation status of CBD program of work on protected area. Journal of Environmental policy 6(1): 1-40.
  10. Jeon, J.H. 2015. Trend of tree sap production industry and implication for its development. National Institute of Forest Science. Seoul, Korea. pp.15.
  11. Kim, S.H. 2016. Status of supporting facilities to prevent damage by wild animals and compensation for the damage by wild animals in 2013 to 2015 at the local government level. The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea.
  12. Korea Database on Protected Areas. 2018. Protected areas in Korea. http://kdpa.kr/(accessed on 2019. 1. 25).
  13. Korea Forest Service. 2016. 2015 forestry production cost survey report. Daejeon, Korea. pp. 237.
  14. Korea National Park Service. 2018. Statistics of national park in 2018. http://www.knps.or.kr/front/portal/stats/statsDtl.do?menuNo=7070020&refId=REFM000368&page=1&searchAllValue= (2018. 6. 7).
  15. Korea Statistical Information Service. 2018. Financial independence rate. http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1YL20921&checkFlag=N(2018.5.8).
  16. Lee, S.M., Lee, E.J., Park, H.B. and Seo, C.W. 2018. Factors affecting crop damage by the wild boar(Sus scrofa): A case study in Geochang County, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 32(2): 140-146. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2018.32.2.140
  17. Ministry of Environment. 2017. Annual damages caused by wildlife. http://www.me.go.kr/home/web/policy_data/read.do?pagerOffset=0&maxPageItems=10&maxIndexPages=10&searchKey=title&searchValue=%EC%95%BC%EC%83%9D%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC&menuId=10261&orgCd=&condition.deleteYn=N&seq=7009 (2017. 11. 17).
  18. Ministry of Environment. 2018. Rules on Supporting Prevention Facilities of Damage by Wild Animals and Compensation for the Damage by Wild Animals. http://law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000114750 (2018. 2. 9).
  19. Ministry of Environment. 2019. Natural Parks Act. http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=204814&efYd=20190117#0000 (2019. 1. 17).
  20. Park, D.B., Lee, M.S. and Chae, J.H. 2008. Two case studies on wild animals damage and its countermeasure. Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development 15(1): 113-144.
  21. Park, S.H., Kim, M.K. and Youn, Y.C. 2019. Mitigation and adaptation strategy to wildlife damage in forest-dependent rural communities. Journal of Environmental Policy and Administration 27(2): 11-37. https://doi.org/10.15301/jepa.2019.27.2.11
  22. Park, Y.H., Jeon, S.W., Eum, J.H., Hong, H.J., Choi, H.A. and Byun, B.S. 2012. Sustainable use and management of protected areas: Site-based approaches considering ecological and socio-economic factors. Korea Environment Institute. Seoul, Korea. pp. 284.
  23. Rural Development Administration. 2012. The study on managerial character of the minor crops. http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do (accessed on 2019. 1. 28).
  24. Rural Development Administration. 2016. 2015 agricultural and animal product income sourcebook to improve agriculture management. https://amis.rda.go.kr/portal/ap/mn/incomeAnalysisLst/lst (accessed on 2019. 1. 28).
  25. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD). 2014. Global biodiversity outlook 4. Montreal, Canada. pp.155.
  26. Yoon, S.I. 2007. Crops loss survey by wildlife in national parks of Korea. The Korean Journal of Environment Biology 25(3): 223-227.