Fig. 1. Process flow chart for metallurgical pre-lithiation.
Fig. 2. SEM images of pristine (a) and (b), and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using Li-metal (c) and (d) with different resolutions [inset of (b) shows SiOx NPs].
Fig. 3. XRD patterns of pristine (SD) and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using various Li-sources (LC, LH, and LM).
Fig. 4. Raman spectra of pristine (SD) and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using various Li-sources (LC, LH and LM) with that of single crystalline Si wafer as a reference.
Fig. 5. The initial (a) voltage and (b) differential capacity profiles of pristine (SD) and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using various Li-sources (LC, LH and LM).
Fig. 6. Cycle performances of pristine (SD) and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using various Li-sources (LC, LH and LM) process flow chart for metallurgical pre-lithiation.
Table 1. Phases and their relative intensity ratios of pristine (SD) and pre-lithiated SiOx granulates by using various Li-sources (LC, LH and LM). Each relative intensity is normalized with that of peak at 28.3° according to crystalline Si.
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