Journal of Ecology and Environment

한국생태학회 (The Ecological Society of Korea)
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Patterns of morphological variation in the Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across populations in China, Japan, and Korea

  • Kim, Dae-In (Department of Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Il-Kook (Department of Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ota, Hidetoshi (Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo) ;
  • Fong, Jonathan J. (Science Unit, Lingnan University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Sun (Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Zhang, Yong-Pu (College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University) ;
  • Li, Shu-Ran (College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University) ;
  • Choi, Woo-Jin (Department of Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Daesik (Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University)
  • 투고 : 2019.05.01
  • 심사 : 2019.09.04
  • 발행 : 2019.12.31
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초록

Background: Studies of morphological variation within and among populations provide an opportunity to understand local adaptation and potential patterns of gene flow. To study the evolutionary divergence patterns of Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across its distribution, we analyzed data for 15 morphological characters of 324 individuals across 11 populations (2 in China, 4 in Japan, and 5 in Korea). Results: Among-population morphological variation was smaller than within-population variation, which was primarily explained by variation in axilla-groin length, number of infralabials, number of scansors on toe IV, and head-related variables such as head height and width. The population discrimination power was 32.4% and in cluster analysis, populations from the three countries tended to intermix in two major groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that morphological differentiation among the studied populations is scarce, suggesting short history for some populations after their establishment, frequent migration of individuals among the populations, and/or local morphological differentiation in similar urban habitats. Nevertheless, we detected interesting phenetic patterns that may predict consistent linkage of particular populations that are independent of national borders. Additional sampling across the range and inclusion of genetic data could give further clue for the historical relationship among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean populations of G. japonicus.

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