Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fish Community Characteristics and Habitat Aspects of Endangered Species Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa and Acheilognathus signifer in the Hwayangcheon Stream, Hangang River of Songnisan National Park, Korea

속리산국립공원 화양천의 어류군집 특성 및 멸종위기종 가는돌고기 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer의 서식양상

  • Received : 2019.11.29
  • Accepted : 2019.12.24
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fish community characteristics and habitat aspects of endangered species, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa and Acheilognathus signifer were investigated in the Hwayangcheon Stream of Songnisan National Park, a tributary of the Hangang River, Korea from April to October 2018. During this period, there were 29 species of 8 families collected from 11 survey stations using kick nets, cast nets long bag set nets. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco koreanus (38.81%) and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (16.64%), respectively. The next most abundant species were Z. platypus (14.28%), Pungtungia herzi (6.92%), Hemibarbus longirostris (4.52%), Pseudogobio esocinus (3.51%), A. signifer (2.31%) and P. tenuicorpa (1.90%). Among the fish collected, 18 species (62.1%) were Korean endemic species. Endangered species were A. signifer, P. tenuicorpa and Gobiobotia brevibarba. From upstream to downstream, the dominance index has gradually decreased, but number of species and individuals, diversity and evenness has gradually increased. Also, river health (index of biological integrity) is assessed as good (St. 1~8) and very good (St. 9~11). Fish communities were divided into four sections by the similarity index based on species and their numbers, i.e., upper section (St. 1~2, 4~5), upper-middle section (St. 3, 6), middle section (St. 7~9) and lower section (St. 10~11). Endangered species, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa inhabited in mostly lower section (St. 10~11) with rock and boulder bottoms, and age groups in April estimated from total length indicated that the 44~61 mm group is 1 year old, the 66~81 mm group is 2 years old, the 88~99 mm group is 3 years old, and the 104~107 mm group is more than 4 years old. Also, endangered species, A. signifer inhabited in middle-lower section (St. 7~11) with boulder and cobble bottoms and slow velocity, which the place inhabited by water plants. Meanwhile, their age structure in April estimated from total length indicated that the 30~43 mm group is 1 year old, the 48~58 mm group is 2 years old, the 62~77 mm group is 3 years old, and the 84~100 mm group is more than 4 years old. The sex ratio of female (47) to male (42) was 1 : 0.89.

속리산국립공원 화양천의 어류군집과 멸종위기종 가는돌고기 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer의 서식현황을 밝히기 위해 2018년 4월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 11개 지점에서 족대와 투망을 사용하여 채집한 어류는 8과 29종이었다. 우점종은 참갈겨니 Zacco koreanus (38.81%), 아우점종은 버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (16.64%), 그 다음으로 피라미 Z. platypus (14.28%)와 돌고기 Pungtungia herzi (6.92%), 참마자 Hemibarbus longirostris (4.52%), 모래무지 Pseudogobio esocinus (3.51%), 묵납자루(2.31%), 가는돌고기(1.90%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 한국고유종은 18종(62.1%)이 출현하였고, 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생생물은 II급의 묵납자루와 가는돌고기, 돌상어 Gobiobotia brevibarba 3종이 채집되었다. 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 대체적으로 우점도는 낮아지고 종수와 개체수, 다양도, 풍부도는 높아지는 경향을 보였고, 하천건강성은 좋음(St. 1~8) 또는 매우좋음(St. 9~11)으로 평가되었다. 군집구조는 상류(St. 1~2, 4~5)와 중·상류(St. 3, 6), 중류(St. 7~9), 하류(St. 10~11)로 구분되었다. 화양천에 서식하는 멸종위기종 가는돌고기는 주로 하류부(St. 10~11)의 암반과 큰돌에 집단으로 서식하고 있었고, 산란기인 4월을 기준으로 전장 44~61 mm는 만 1년생, 전장 66~81 mm는 만 2년생, 전장 88~99 mm는 만 3년생, 전장 104~107 mm는 만 4년생 이상으로 추정되었다. 또한 멸종위기종 묵납자루는 중·하류(St. 7~11)의 유속이 느리고 하상이 큰돌과 돌, 모래이며 수생식물이 서식하고 있는 곳에 서식하였으며, 연령은 산란기인 4월을 기준으로 전장 30~43 mm는 만 1년생, 전장 48~58 mm는 만 2년생, 전장 62~77 mm는 만 3년생, 전장 84~100 mm는 만 4년생 이상으로 추정되었으며, 성비는 암컷 47개체, 수컷 42개체가 채집되어 1 : 0.89였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baek, H.M. 2005. Ecological studies on the Korean bitterling, Acheilognathus signifer (Cyprinidae) in Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 186pp. (in Korean)
  2. Chae, B.S., S.K. Kim, Y.H. Kang, N.S. Heo, J.M. Park, H.U. Ha and U.W. Hwang. 2015. Ichthyofauna and fish community structure in upper reach of the Nakdong River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 27: 116-132. (in Korean)
  3. Chae, B.S., Y.H. Kang, S.K. Kim, D.U. Yoo, J.M. Park, H.U. Ha and U.W. Hwang. 2014. Ichthyofauna and fish community structure in the Yeong River, Nakdong River System, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 26: 50-69. (in Korean)
  4. Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midl. Nat'l., 67: 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  5. DI (The Department of the Interior). 1993. Natural resource survey of National Park, Songnisan. The Department of the Interior, 181pp. (in Korean)
  6. Hur, J.W., H. Kang and M.H. Jang. 2011. Investigation on physical habitat condition and fish fauna in Dal Stream of Han River Basin. Environ. Engin. Res., 2011: 564-571. (in Korean)
  7. IFRI (Inland Fisheries Research Institue). 2013. Develoment of inland fisheries using ecosystem management approach and biodiversity increasing research. National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Gapyeong, 76pp. (in Korean)
  8. Jang, M.H., G.J. Joo and M.C. Lucas. 2006. Diet of introduced large-mouth bass in Korean rivers and potential interactions with native fishes. Ecol. Freshwater Fish, 15: 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00161.x
  9. Kani, T. 1944. Ecology of torrent-inhabiting insects, pp. 171-317. In: Insect I (Furukawa, J., ed.). Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
  10. Kim, H.S. 2014. Spawning ecology and conservation of the Korean bittering, Acheilognathus signifer (Cyprinidae). Doctoral Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 158pp. (in Korean)
  11. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, Vol. 37, Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, 518pp. (in Korean)
  12. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing Co., Ltd., Seoul, 467pp. (in Korean)
  13. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyohak publishing, Seoul, 615p. (in Korean)
  14. KNPRI (Korea National Park Research Institute). 2003. Natural resource survey of Songnisan National Park. Korea National Park Research Institute, Namwon, 595pp. (in Korean)
  15. KNPRI (Korea National Park Research Institute). 2011. Natural resource survey of Songnisan National Park. Korea National Park Research Institute, Namwon, 609pp. (in Korean)
  16. KNPS (Korea National Park Service). National Park of Korea. Retrieved from http://www.knps.or.kr. version (11/2019). (in Korean)
  17. Ko, M.H., J.Y. Park and Y.J. Lee. 2008. Feeding habitats of an introduced large mouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Perciformes; Centrarchidae), and its influence on ichthyofauna in the Lake Okjeong, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 20: 36-44. (in Korean)
  18. Ko, M.H., H. Yang and I.C. Bang. 2019a. Recovery success and habitat status of the reintroduced endangered species, Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) in the Heukcheon Stream, a tributary of the Hangang River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 31: 67-76. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.31.2.1
  19. Ko, M.H., R.H. Myung and H.S. Kim. 2019b. Fish Community characteristics and habitat aspects of endangered species, Rhodeus pseudosericeus in Heuk Stream, a tributary of the Han River Drainage System. Korean J. Environ., 33: 266-279. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.3.266
  20. Ko, M.H., S.Y. Park and I.C. Bang. 2012. Egg development and early life history of the slender shinner, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 24: 48-55. (in Korean)
  21. Ko, M.H., Y.K. Hong, H.L. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2014. Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of natural monument Cobitis choii in the Baekgok Stream, a tributary of the Geum River drainage systrem of Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 26: 99-111. (in Korean)
  22. Kwater. 2007. A guidebook of rivers in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, 582pp. (in Korean)
  23. Lee, H.H. 2011. Reproductive strategies of genus Pseudopungtungia and Pungtungia. Doctoral Thesis, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 131pp. (in Korean)
  24. MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). 2010. The national survey of low head dams and development of database in Korea, 275pp. (in Korean)
  25. Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in ecology. General Systems, 3: 36-71.
  26. McNaughton, S.J. 1967. Relationship among functional properties of California Grassland. Nature, 216: 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1038/216168b0
  27. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Enforcement of wildlife laws (Law No. 7167). (in Korean)
  28. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2010. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages. Institute of Biodiversity Research, Jeonju, 86pp. (in Korean)
  29. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011. Culture and restoration research of endangered freshwater fish (four species include Liobagrus obesus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 359pp. (in Korean)
  30. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Conservation and management laws of wildlife (Law No. 10977). (in Korean)
  31. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2017. Conservation and management laws of wildlife (amendment of enforcement regulations) (Law No. 10977). (in Korean)
  32. MLTM (Ministry of Land & Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2010. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 489pp. (in Korean)
  33. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2011. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages II. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 363pp. (in Korean)
  34. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2012. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages III. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 423pp. (in Korean)
  35. Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Alberta, 601pp.
  36. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2011. Breeding manual of endangered freshwater fish. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 239pp. (in Korean)
  37. NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research). 2016. Survey and evaluation method for river and stream ecosystem health assessment. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 313pp. (in Korean)
  38. Nishimura, S. 1974. Formation of the Sea of Japan: approach from biogeography. Tsukiji-Shokan, Tokyo, 274pp. (in Japanese)
  39. Pielou, E.C. 1969. Shannon's formula as a measure of diversity. American Natural., 100: 463-465. https://doi.org/10.1086/282439
  40. Pielou, E.C. 1975. Ecological diversity. John Wiley, New York, 165pp.
  41. Ricker, W.E. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. IBP hand book, 3: 112-113.
  42. Yoo, D.G., G.S. Lee, G.Y. Kim, N.K. Kang, B.Y. Yi, Y.J. Kim, J.H. Chun and G.S. Kong. 2016. Seismic stratigraphy and depositional history of late Quaternary deposits in a tide-dominated setting: An example from the eastern Yellow Sea. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 73: 212-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.03.005
  43. Yun, C.H., G.S. Kang and S.G. Park. 2017. Special protection zone monitoring report for Sokrisan National Park. Sokrisan National Park, Boeun, 14pp. (in Korean)