Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Nocturnal Birds Detection and Ecological Characteristics through Bioacoustic Monitoring

생물음향 모니터링 기법을 이용한 야행성 조류 탐지 및 생태적 특성 분석

  • Choi, Se-Jun (Dept. of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Ki, Kyong-Seok (Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Sangji Univ.)
  • 최세준 (상지대학교 대학원 응용식물과학과 원예조경학전공) ;
  • 기경석 (상지대학교 친환경식물학부 원예조경학전공)
  • Received : 2019.06.10
  • Accepted : 2019.11.19
  • Published : 2019.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the callings of nocturnal birds using bioacoustic recording technology to identify species and to analyze the ecological characteristics of each species. Three sites - Seoraksan National Park, National Institute of Ecology, and Mudeungsan National Park - were investigated. The investigation period was from the middle of April 2018 to early March 2019 for Seoraksan national park, from late February of 2018 to the middle of February 2019 for the National Institute of Ecology, and from the middle of February 2018 to the end of August 2018 for Mudeungsan National Park. The main research results are as follows. Firstly, nocturnal bird species identified by the survey included Caprimulgus indicus, Otus sunia, Zoothera aurea, Bubo bubo, and Strix uralensis, 5 species in total. Secondly, the breeding call period of each species was from early May to early August for C. indicus, from early April to the end of September for O. sunia, from early March to early October for Z. aurea, from late September to early February for B. bubo, and from mid-January to early March for S. uralensis. Thirdly, the mating call rhythm was between 16:00 and 10:00 on the following day for all the observed species in the three regions, and the peak time zone was from 20:00 to 06:00 on the following day. Fourthly, there was no correlation between the cumulative call frequency and the precipitation for each species. Fifthly, the mean temperature during the period when the specific calls of nocturnal birds were detected was -4.00 ℃ for S. uralensis, 2.58 ℃ for B. bubo, 13.66 ℃ for Z. aurea, 19.50 ℃ for O. sunia, and 20.77 ℃ for C. indicus. The ANOVA results showed that there was a significant difference in mean temperature for the calling by species and that the mean temperature was S. uralensis, B. bubo, Z. aurea, and O. sunia-C. indicus, in the ascending order, for 4 groups in total. The period of the specific mating calls confirmed by the study is a period in which the frequency of calls was the highest among the periods when the specific calls were detected. Since it is associated with the known mating period of each species, the period of the high frequency of calls confirmed by the bioacoustic monitoring can be regarded as the mating season. This study is meaningful in that it is the early research that has used the bioacoustic recording technology to identify species and ecological characteristics of species of nocturnal birds in Korea.

본 연구는 생물음향 녹음기술을 이용하여 야행성 조류의 울음을 탐지하여 종을 식별하고, 종별 생태적 특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 설악산국립공원, 국립생태원, 무등산국립공원 3개소였다. 분석기간은 설악산은 2018년 4월 중순부터 2019년 3월 초, 국립생태원은 2018년 2월 말부터 2019년 2월 중순, 무등산은 2018년 2월 중순부터 8월 말까지였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 탐지가 확인된 야생조류 종 수는 쏙독새, 소쩍새, 호랑지빠귀, 수리부엉이, 긴점박이올빼미로 총 5종이다. 두 번째, 종별 번식울음 기간은 쏙독새는 5월 초부터 8월 초, 소쩍새는 4월 초부터 9월 말, 호랑지빠귀는 3월 초부터 10월 초, 수리부엉이는 9월 말부터 2월 초, 긴점박이올빼미는 1월 중순부터 3월 초까지였다. 세 번째, 종별 번식울음 일주기는 세 지역의 관찰대상종 모두 16시부터 다음 날 10시 사이로 형성이 됐고, 빈도가 높게 나타나는 시간대는 20시부터 다음 날 06시 사이에 형성되었다. 네 번째, 종별 일 누적 울음빈도와 강수량은 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 다섯번째, 종별 울음이 탐지된 기간 동안의 평균기온은 긴점박이올빼미는 -4.00℃, 수리부엉이는 2.58℃, 호랑지빠귀는 13.66℃, 소쩍새는 19.50℃, 쏙독새는 20.77℃였고, 분산분석 결과 종별 울음이 평균기온에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과, 긴점박이올빼미, 수리부엉이, 호랑지빠귀, 소쩍새-쏙독새 4개의 그룹 순으로 낮은 온도에서 나타났다. 연구를 통해 확인된 종별 번식울음 기간은 종별 울음이 탐지된 기간 중 울음빈도가 높게 나타난 기간이다. 이는 종마다 알려진 번식기간에 속하는 결과이기 때문에 생물음향 모니터링 기법을 이용하여 울음기간을 확인했을 때 울음빈도가 높게 형성되는 기간을 번식기간으로 볼 수 있음을 확인했다. 본 연구는 한국의 야행성 조류를 대상으로 생물음향 녹음기술을 이용하여 종을 식별하고, 종별 생태적 특성을 밝힌 초기 논문이라는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Keywords

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