Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Comparative Analysis of Nutrients and Hazardous Substances in Zophobas atratus Larvae

탈지 전, 후 아메리카왕거저리(Zophobas atratus) 유충의 영양성분 및 유해물질 비교분석

  • Kim, Sun Young (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Hong Geun (Department of Insect Study, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Ko, Hyeon-Jin (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Mi Ae (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, In Woo (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Seo, Minchul (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Joon Ha (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Hwa Jeong (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Baek, Minhee (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Hwang, Jae Sam (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Yoon, Hyung Joo (Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA)
  • 김선영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김홍근 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 고현진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김미애 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김인우 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 서민철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 이준하 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 이화정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 백민희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 황재삼 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 윤형주 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과)
  • Received : 2019.10.14
  • Accepted : 2019.12.23
  • Published : 2019.12.30
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Abstract

The nutritional composition and optimal eating stage of the super mealworm, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae), were investigated to explore its use as a food ingredient. It was determined that 10th instar larvae were most suitable for eating in terms of nutritional value as well as economic aspects. To improve the quality of powder production, the nutritional value of 10th instar larvae before and after degreasing was analyzed. After drying the larvae powder, crude protein was the most abundant nutrient both before (52.3%) and after (60.6%) degreasing while crude fat measured 36.3% and 21.7% before and after degreasing, respectively. In terms of essential amino acids, leucine levels were highest and 1.3 times greater after degreasing (4.5%) than before (3.5%). Oleic acid, the highest unsaturated fatty acid in larvae, was 31.7% after degreasing which was 1.1 times higher than before (33.2%). Among various major minerals, potassium was most abundant and 1.4 times higher after degreasing (1267.0 mg/100 g) than before (879.3 mg/100 g). Harmful substances were 1.3 to 2.0 times lower in the degreased larvae, although mercury or pathogenic bacteria were not detected in either group. We therefore conclude that degreased Z. atratus larvae are more suitable for eating than before degreasing.

아메리카왕거저리를 식용곤충으로 활용하고자 식용 적정시기와 탈지 전, 후 유충의 영양성분 등을 비교분석하였다. 아메리카왕거저리의 식용 적정시기 조사결과, 10령이 16령보다 일반성분이 우수하고 사육과 경제적 면에서도 유리하였다. 또한, 분말제조의 문제점을 해결하고자 탈지 전, 후 유충의 영양성분을 비교분석한 결과, 일반성분 중 건조 중량 기준 조단백질 함량이 가장 많았으며, 탈지 후 유충(60.6%)이 탈지 전 유충(52.3%)보다 1.2배 더 많았다. 조지방은 탈지 후 유충 21.7%, 탈지 전 유충에서 36.3%로 1.7배 적었다. 필수아미노산 중 로이신의 함량이 가장 많았으며, 탈지 후 유충(4.5%)이 탈지 전 유충(3.5%)보다 1.3배 더 많았다. 비필수아미노산에 속하는 글루탐산 역시 탈지 후 유충(7.8%)이 탈지 전 유충(6.2%)보다 1.6% 더 많았다. 불포화지방산 중에서 가장 많은 함량을 가진 올레산은 탈지 후 유충(31.7%)이 탈지 전 유충(33.2%)보다 1.1배 적었다. 다량무기질 중 함량이 가장 많았던 칼륨 또한 탈지 후 유충(1267.0 mg/100 g)이 탈지 전 유충(879.3 mg/100 g)보다 약 1.4배 많았다. 미량무기질 중에서는 아연의 함량이 가장 많았고, 이 또한 탈지 후 유충(12.3 mg/100 g)이 탈지 전 유충(10.8 mg/100 g)보다 1.1배 많았다. 위의 주요 영양성분 분석 결과로 볼 때, 탈지 후 유충이 탈지 전 유충보다 더 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 탈지 전, 후 유충의 유해물질 분석 결과, 중금속인 납, 비소, 카드뮴은 탈지 후 유충이 탈지 전 유충보다 1.3-2.0배 낮게 미량 검출되었고, 수은은 탈지 전, 후 유충에서 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 병원성 미생물인 대장균과 살모넬라균은 역시 탈지 전, 후 유충에서 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 결론적으로 위의 영양성분 및 유해물질 등의 결과로 볼 때, 탈지 아메리카왕거저리 유충이 탈지 전 유충보다 식용으로 활용하기에 더 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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