DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Bush Growth and Fruit Quality of 'Duke' Blueberry Influenced by Nutritional Composition in Unheated Plastic House

블루베리 '듀크' 품종의 무가온 하우스 재배에서 질소비율 조절에 따른 수체생육 및 과실품질 변화

  • Cheon, Mi Geon (Researrch and Development Bureau, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Yeong Bong (Researrch and Development Bureau, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Hong, Kwang Pyo (Researrch and Development Bureau, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kumar, H.M. Prathibhani C. (Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Jin Gook (Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2018.09.10
  • Accepted : 2018.10.08
  • Published : 2018.10.30

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Duke' blueberry cultivar and the water quality of growth medium. The experiment was carried out with three year old 'Duke' blueberry bushes which were cultivated in containers ($60{\times}80{\times}40cm$) filled with 130 L peat moss and 40 L pearlite (v/v). Sawdust was used as the mulch in growth containers. Three different fertilizer combinations (FC) i.e., FC-1 consisted with standard solution, FC-2 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 10% from FC-1, and FC-3 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 20% from FC-1 were tested while, the ground water used as the control. The effects of different fertilizer combinations on shoot diameter, shoot length, number of shoots, leaf length, SPAD value (the relative content of chlorophyll), berry weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and yield per bush in 'Duke' blueberry were examined. Also, the effects of different fertilizer combinations on pH, EC, $NH_4$ and $NO_3$ in 'Duke' blueberry growth medium were monitored. The highest pH and lowest EC, $NH_4$ and $NO_3$ in growth medium was recorded with control treatment during the experiment period. The maximum shoot diameter (3.7 mm) and shoot length (35.7 cm) was recorded for the FC-1. Highest number of shoots (47%) were recorded from 'Duke' blueberry bushes supplemented with FC-1 compared to other treatments. The fertilizer combinations supplemented with nitrogen showed significant influence on leaf length and SPAD value compared to control 'Duke' blueberry bushes. However, the fruit quality attributes, i.e., berry weight, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were not significant different among fertilizer treatments. The significantly highest yields per bush were recorded for FC-1, FC-2, and FC-3, as 2.2, 2.9, and 2.7 kg, respectively compared to control (0.2 kg). Although, the FC-1 was supplemented with highest nitrogen content it resulted low yield per bush while having high number of shoots and vigorous growth.

블루베리의 재배면적은 증가추세이고 재배특성상 피트모스에서 잘 자라며 관목인 점을 고려하여 용기재배를 많이 하고 있다. 또한 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 재배기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 시험에서는 블루베리 양액재배시 양액조성이 수체생육과 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 시험방법은 3년생 '듀크' 품종을 대상으로 피트모스와 펄라이트의 용량을 각각 130L, 40L(v/v)로 하여 용기($60{\times}80{\times}40cm$)에 식재하고 톱밥으로 멀칭한 후 2015년과 2016년에 3종의 조성이 다른 용액을 4월 중순부터 7월 하순까지 공급하여 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 처리내용은 무시비구, 조성액 1(표준액), 조성액 2(표준액보다 10%질소 감소), 조성액 3(표준액보다 20%질소 감소)을 처리하였다. 블루베리의 생육을 보면, 신초경은 표준액 처리가 3.7mm로 가장 컸으며, 신초장 또한 35.7cm로 가장 길었다. 신초수는 표준액 처리가 질소를 20% 감소한 처리 대비 47%로 가장 많았다. 질소함량이 많은 처리에서 엽장과 엽폭이 길거나 넓어졌으며, 엽록소 함량도 증가하였다. 처리별 과실특성은 과립중, 고형물 함량, 산함량 등은 처리간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 수량은 질소를 10% 감소한 처리가 주당 2.9kg으로 가장 많았고, 표준액 처리가 2.2kg, 질소를 20% 감소한 처리가 2.7kg였다. 이는 질소함량이 가장 많은 표준액 처리가 신초가 가장 많이 발생하여 영양생장은 왕성했으나 꽃눈 착생은 감소해 수량이 오히려 감소한 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 블루베리 양액재배시 생육은 질소비율이 중간정도에서 가장 좋았으며, 과실의 수량과 크기에서도 저농도나 중간농도가 고농도에 비하여 우수하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bray, C.M. 1983. Nitrogen metabolism in plants. Longman, London, UK.
  2. Ballinger, W.E. and L.J. Kushman. 1966. Factors affecting mineral-element content of leaves and fruit of Wolcott blueberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 88:325-330.
  3. Ballinger, W.E., L.J. Kushman, and J.F. Brooks. 1963. Influence of crop load and nitrogen applications upon yield and fruit qualities of Wolcott blueberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 82:264-276.
  4. Coruzzi, G. and R. Last. 2000. Amino acids. In biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. Amer. Soc. Plant Biol. 358-410.
  5. Claussen, W. and F. Lenz. 1999. Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on net photosynthesis, growth, and activity of the reductase and glutamine synthetase in blueberry, raspberry and strawberry. Plant and Soil, 208:95-102. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004543128899
  6. Claypool, L.L. 1975. Plant nutrition and deciduous fruit crop quality. HortScience 10:45-47.
  7. Faust, M. 1989. Physiology of temperate zone trees. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, USA.
  8. Gao, Y.P., H. Motosugi, and A. Sugiura. 1992. Rootstock effects on growth and flowering in young apple trees grown with ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:446-452. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.117.3.446
  9. Im Y.J., J.Y. Jang, S.G. An, S.H. Youn, J.H. Im, J.M. Park, and B.H. Lee. 2002. Studies on suitable tree growth and standard levels of leaf mineral nutrient for the best fruit production in high density orchard. Konkuk University (in Korean).
  10. Kalt, W., A. Howell, J.C. Duy, C.F. Forney, and J.E. Mc Donald. 2001. Horticultural factors affecting antioxidant capacity of blueberries and other small fruit. HortTechnology 11: 523-528.
  11. Katakura, Y. and H. Yokomizo. 1995. Effects of nitrogen form on nutrient uptake, growth and fruit yield of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). Jap. J. Soil Plant Nutri. 66:506-512.
  12. Kwack Y.B., W.B. Chae, M.H. Lee, H.W. Jeong, H.C. Rhee, J.G. Kim, and H.L Kim. 2017. Effect of nitrogen fertigation on the growth and nutrition uptake of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry. Korean J Environ Agric. 36:161-168 https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2017.36.3.28
  13. Lee. H.S. and K.U. Kim. 2003. Dry matter, nitrogen content, chlorophyll and yield maps of rice by different rates of nitrogen application and their correlations. J. Biosyst. Eng. 28(4) p361-368 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2003.28.4.361
  14. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd ed. Academic Press. Inc., San Diego, CA, USA, p. 436-478.
  15. Mengel, K. and E.A. Kirkby. 1987. Principles of plant nutrition. 4th ed. Int'1. Potash Inst., Bern, Switzerland.
  16. Nascimento, D.C. M.W. Schuch, and R.M.N. Nogueira. 2011. Growth and mineral nutrient content of blueberry transplants in conventional and semi-hydroponic systems. Rev. Bras. Frutic. Jaboticabal. 33:1155-1161. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000400013
  17. Pior, R.L., G. Cao, A. Martin, E. Sofic, J. McEwen, C. O'Brien, N. Lischner, M. Ehlenfeldt, W. Kalt, G. Krewer, C.M. Mainland. 1998. Antioxidant capacity is influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:2686-2693. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980145d
  18. Poffley, M. 2004. Raising vegetable seedling in containers. Northern terriotory government. 384.
  19. Piekielek, W.P., R.H. Fox, J.D. Toth, and K.E. Macneal. 1995. Use of chlorophyll meter at the early dent stage of corn to evaluate nitrogen sufficiency. Agronomy J. 87:403-408. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700030003x
  20. Rural Development Administration (RDA). 2012. Cultivation of blueberry, Korea.
  21. Raese, J.T. and S.R. Drake. 1997. Nitrogen fertilization and elemental composition affects fruit quality of 'Fuji' apples. J. Plant Nutr. 20:1797-1809. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365375
  22. Spiers, J.M. 1986. Root distribution of 'Tifblue' rabbiteye as influenced by irrigation, incorporated peat moss and mulch. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:877-880.
  23. Townsend, L.R. 1973. Effects of N, P, K, and Mg on the growth and productivity of the highbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 53:161-168. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps73-029
  24. Townsend, L.R. 1967. Effect of ammonium nitro and nitrate nitrogen, separately and in combination on the growth of the highbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 47:555-562. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps67-097
  25. Tadesse, T., M.A. Nichols, and K.J. Fisher. 1999. Nutrient conductivity effects on sweet pepper plants grown using a nutrient film technique. 2. Blossom-end rot and fruit mineral status. J. New Zealand Crop Hort. Sci. 27:239-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1999.9514102
  26. Tamada, T. 2004. Effects of nitrogen sources on growth and leaf nutrient concentrations of 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry under water culture. Food Products Press. 3:149-158.
  27. Uhe, G. 1957. The influence of certain factors on the acidity and sugar content of the Jersey blueberry. MS Thesis, Oregon State University.
  28. Vargas, O.L. and D.R. Bryla. 2015. Growth and fruit production of highbush blueberry fertilized with ammonium sulfate and urea applied by fertigation or as granular fertilizer. HortScience. 50:479-485. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.3.479
  29. Yun, S.K., I.K. Yoon, E.Y. Nam, J.H. Jun, T.H. Kwon, H.J. Bae, H.C. Kim, and T.C. Kim. 2014. Shoot growth and fruit characteristics according to bearing branch direction and thickness in 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach trees. Kor. J. Hort Sci. Technol. 32:421-426 (in Korean).