DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Flotation of cyanobacterial particles without chemical coagulant under auto-flocculation

  • Kwak, Dong-Heui (Jeongeup Industry-Academic Cooperation Support Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Geum (Jeongeup Industry-Academic Cooperation Support Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Sug (Dept. of Env. Eng. of Mokpo National University)
  • Received : 2018.03.14
  • Accepted : 2018.07.24
  • Published : 2018.11.25

Abstract

Although flotation techniques are often used for the removal of algal particles, the practicality of algae-harvesting technologies is limited owing to the complex and expensive facilities and equipment required for chemical coagulation. Here, we examined the feasibility of an approach to separating algal particles from water bodies without the need for chemical coagulants, depending on the condition of the algae, and to determine the optimal conditions. Using Anabaena sp., a cyanobacterium causes algal blooms in lakes, we stimulated auto-flocculation in algal particles without coagulants and conducted solid-liquid separation experiments of algal particles under various conditions. The six cultivation columns included in our analysis comprised four factors: Water temperature, light intensity, nutrients, and carbon source; auto-flocculation was induced under all treatments, with the exception of the treatment involving no limits to all factors, and algal particles were well-settled under all conditions for which auto-flocculation occurred. Meanwhile, flotation removal of auto-flocculated algal particles was attained only when nutrients were blocked after algae were grown in an optimal medium. However, no significant differences were detected between the functional groups of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of floated and settled algal particles in the FT-IR peak, which can cause attachment by collision with micro-bubbles.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

References

  1. Ahn, C.Y., Lee, C.S., Choi, J.W., Lee, S. and Oh, H.M. (2015), "Global occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and N, Plimitation strategy for bloom control", Korean J. Environ. Biology, 33(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.1.001
  2. Andreadakis, A.D. (1993), "Physical and chemical properties of activated sludge floc", Water Res., 27(12), 1707-1714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(93)90107-S
  3. APHA (2005), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
  4. Barsky, E.L., Gusev, M.V., Kazennova, N.V. and Samuilov, V.D. (1984), "Surface charge on thylakoid membranes: Regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer in cyanobacteria", Arch. Microbiol., 138(1), 54-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425407
  5. Borowitzka, M.A. (1992), "Algal biotechnology products and processes-matching science and economics", J. Appl. Phycology, 4(3), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161212
  6. Cordba-Castro, N.M., Montenegro-Jaramillo, A.M., Prieto, R.E. and Gonzalez-Marino, G.E. (2012), "Analysis of the effect of the interactions among three processing variables for the production of exopolysaccharides in the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX 393)", Vitae, 19(1), 60-69.
  7. Dugdale, T.M., Willis, A. and Wetherbee, R. (2006), "Adhesive modular proteins occur in the extracellular mucilage of the motile, pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum", Biophys. J., 90(8), L58-L60. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.081687
  8. Edzwald, J.K. (2010), "Dissolved air flotation and me (Review paper)", Water Res., 44(7), 2077-2106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.040
  9. Gonzalez-Fernandez, C. and Ballesteros, M. (2012), "Microalgae autoflocculation: An alternative to high-energy consuming harvesting methods", J. Appl. Phycology, 25(4), 991-999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9957-3
  10. Granados, M.R., Acien, F.G., Gomez, C., Fernandez-Sevilla, J.M. and Molina Grima, E. (2012), "Evaluation of flocculants for the recovery of freshwater microalgae", Bioresour. Technol., 118, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.018
  11. He, X., Liu, Y.L., Conklin, A., Westrick, J., Weavers, L.K., Dionysiou, D.D., Lenhart, J.J., Mouser, P.J., Szlag, D. and Walker, H.W. (2016), "Toxic cyanobacteria and drinking water: Impacts, detection, and treatment", Harmful Algae, 54, 174-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.001
  12. Henderson, R.K., Parsons, S.A. and Jefferson, B. (2010), "The impact of differing cell and algogenic organic matter (AOM) characteristics on the coagulation and flotation of algae", Water Res., 44(12), 3617-3624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.016
  13. Johnson, M.R., Montero, C.I., Conners, S.B., Shockley, K.R., Bridger, S.L. and Kelly, R.M. (2005), "Population densitydependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritime", Molecular Microbiol., 55(3), 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04419.x
  14. Jung, H.J., Lee, J.W., Choi, D.Y., Kim, S.J. and Kwak, D.H. (2006), "Flotation efficiency of activated sludge flocs using population balance model in dissolved air flotation", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(2), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705726
  15. Kim, M.S. and Kwak, D.H. (2014), "Evaluation of Initial Collision-Attachment Efficiency between Carbon Dioxide Bubbles and Algae Particles for Separation and Harvesting", Water Science and Technology, 69(12), 2482-2491. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.171
  16. Kim, M.S., Dockko, S., Myung, G., and Kwak, D.H. (2015). Feasibility study of high-rate dissolved air flotation process for rapid wastewater treatment. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 64(8), 927-936 https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2015.025
  17. Kwak, D.H., Jung, H.J., Kwon, S.B., Lee, E.J., Won, C.H., Lee, J.W. and Yoo, S.J. (2009), "Rise velocity verification of bubblefloc agglomerates using population balance in DAF process", J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 58(2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2009.021
  18. Kwak, D.H., Yoo, S.J. and Sohn, B.Y. (2010), "Performance of pre-sedimentation and dissolved air flotation to overcome highly turbid raw water", Environ. Eng. Sci., 27(2), 127-136 https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0259
  19. Laamanen, C.A., Ross, G.M. and Scott, J.A. (2016), "Flotation harvesting of microalgae", Renew. Sust. Energ Rev., 58, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.293
  20. LaFrance, P. and Grasso, D. (1995), "Trajectory modeling of nonbrownian particle flotation using an extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek approach", Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(5), 1346-1352 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a029
  21. Lavoie, A. and de la Noue, J. (1987), "Harvesting of Scenedesmus obliquus in wastewaters: Auto- or bioflocculation?", Biotechnol. Bioeng., 30(7), 852-859. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300707
  22. Lavoie, A., de la Noue. J. and Serodes, J.B. (1984), "Recovery of microalgae in wastewater: A comparative study of different flocculating agents", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 11, 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1139/l84-039
  23. Lee, A.K., Lewis, D.M. and Ashman, P.J. (2009), "Microbial flocculation, a potentially low-cost harvesting technique for marine microalgae for the production of biodiesel", J. Appl. Phycology, 21(5), 559-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9391-8
  24. Lupi, F.M., Fernandes, H.M.L., Sa-Correia, I. and Novais, J.M. (1991), "Temperature profiles of cellular growth and exopolysaccharide synthesis by Botryococus braunii Kutz. UC 58", J. Appl. Phycology, 3(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003917
  25. Moreno, J., Vargas, M.A., Olivares, H., Rivas, J. and Guerrero, M.G. (1998), "Exopolysaccharide production by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047 in batch and continuous culture", J. Biotechnol., 60(3), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00003-0
  26. Naghdi, F.G. and Schenk, P.M. (2016), "Dissolved air flotation and centrifugation as methods for oil recovery from ruptured microalgal cells", Bioresour. Technol., 218, 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.093
  27. Ntsaluba, L., Agundiade, O., Mabinya, L. and Okoh, A. (2011), "Studies on bioflocculant production by Methylobacterium sp. Obi isolated from a freshwater environment in South Africa", African J. Microbiol. Res., 5(26), 4533-4540.
  28. Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M. and Kriz, G.S. (1977), Introduction to Spectroscopy; A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Harcourt College Publishers, U.S.A.
  29. Rebolloso-Fuentes, M.M., Garcia Sanchez, J.L., Fernandez Sevilla, J.M., Acien Fernandez, F.G., Sanchez Perez, J.A. and Molina Grima, E. (1999), "Outdoor continuous culture of Porphyridium cruentum in a tubular photobioreactor: Quantitative analysis of the daily cyclic variation of culture parameters", J. Biotechnol., 70(1-3), 271-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00080-2
  30. Salim, S., Bosma, R., Vermue, M.H. and Wijffels, R.H. (2011), "Harvesting of microalgae by bio-flocculation", J. Appl. Phycology, 23(5), 849-855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9591-x
  31. Schenk, P.M., Thomas-Hall, S.R., Stephens, E., Marx, U., Mussgnug, J.H., Posten, C., Kruse, O. and Hankamer, B. (2008), "Second generation biofuels: High-efficiency microalgae for biodiesel production", Bioenergy Resour., 1(1), 20-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9008-8
  32. Schnoor, J.D. and Di Toro, D.M. (1980), "Differential phytoplankton sinking and growth rates: An eigenvalue analysis", Ecological Model., 9, 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(80)90019-8
  33. Shin, H.S., Kang, S.T. and Nam, S.Y. (2001), "Effect of carbohydrate and protein in the EPS on sludge settling characteristics", Water Sci. Technol., 43(6), 193-196.
  34. Sigee, D.C. (2005), Freshwater Microbiology: Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., United Kingdom.
  35. Wilen, B.M. and Balmer, P. (1999), "The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs", Water Res., 33(2), 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00208-5
  36. Wyatt, N.B., Gloe, L.M., Brady, P.V., Hewson, J.C., Grillet, A.M., Hankins, M.G. and Pohl, P.I. (2012), "Critical conditions for ferric chloride-induced flocculation of freshwater algae", Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(2), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.23319
  37. Xia, S., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Yang, A., Chen, L., Zhao, J., Leonard, D. and Jaffrezic-Renault, N. (2008), "Production and characterization of a bioflocculant by Proteus mirabilis TJ-1", Bioresour. Technol., 99(14), 6520-6527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.031
  38. Zhang, A., Amendola, P., Hewson, J.C., Sommerfeld, M. and Hu, Q. (2012), "Influence of growth phase on harvesting of Chlorella zofingiensis by dissolved air flotation", Bioresour. Technol., 116, 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.002