Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제16권4호
  • /
  • Pages.375-384
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Individual and combined effect of Portland cement and chemical agents on unconfined compressive strength for high plasticity clayey soils

  • Yilmaz, Yuksel (Deptartment of Civil Engineering, Gazi University) ;
  • Eun, Jongwan (Deptartment of Civil Engineering, Gazi University) ;
  • Goren, Aysegul (Deptartment of Civil Engineering, Gazi University)
  • 투고 : 2017.05.26
  • 심사 : 2018.07.17
  • 발행 : 2018.11.20
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of high plasticity clayey soil mixed with 5 and 10 % of Portland cement and four chemical agents such as sodium hexametaphosphate, aluminum sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium silicate with 0, 5, 10, and 20% concentrations was comparatively evaluated. The individual and combined effects of the cement and chemical agents on the UCS of the soil mixture were investigated. The strength of the soil-cement mixture generally increases with increasing the cement content. However, if the chemical agent is added to the mixture, the strength of the cement-chemical agent-soil mixture tends to vary depending on the type and the amount of the chemical agent. At low concentrations of 5% of aluminum sulfate and 5% and 10% of sodium carbonate, the average UCS of the cement-chemical agent-soil mixture slightly increased compared to pure clay due to increasing the flocculation of the clay in the mixture. However, at high concentrations (20%) of all chemical agents, the UCS significantly decreased compared to the pure clay and clay-cement mixtures. In the case of high cement content, the rate of UCS reduction is the highest among all cement-chemical agent-soil mixtures, which is more than three times higher in comparison to the soil-chemical agent mixtures without cement. Therefore, in the mixture with high cement (> 10%), the reduction of the USC is very sensitive when the chemical agent is added.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Gazi University

참고문헌

  1. Abood, T.T., Kasa, A.B. and Chik, Z.B. (2007), "Stabilization of silty clay soil using chloride compounds", J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2(1) 102-110.
  2. Anagnostopoulos, C.A. (2015), "Strength properties of an epoxy resin and cement-stabilized silty clay soil", Appl. Clay Sci., 114(9), 517-529.
  3. Arasan, S. and Nasirpur, O. (2015), "The effects of polymers and fly ash on Unconfined compressive strength and freeze-thaw behavior of loose saturated sand", Geomech. Eng., 8(3), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.3.361
  4. ASTM. D 4318-00 (2002), Standard Test Methods for the Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  5. ASTM. D 2166-06 (2007), Standard Test Method for the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  6. ASTM. D 2487-00 (2002), Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  7. ASTM. D 422-63 (2002), Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  8. ASTM. D 5102-09 (2009), Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  9. ASTM. D 698-12 (2012), Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  10. ASTM. D 854-02 (2002), Standard Test Method for the Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  11. Bergado, D.T., Anderson, L.R., Miura, N. and Blasubramaniam, A.S. (1996), Soft Ground Improvement: In Lowland and Other Environments, ASCE Press, New York, U.S.A.
  12. Brykov, A.S., Danilov, V.V., Korneev, V.I. and Larichkov, A.V. (2002), "Effect of hydrated sodium silicates on cement paste hardening", Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 75(10) 1577-1579. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022251028590
  13. Canakci, H., Aziz. A. and Celik, F. (2015), "Soil stabilization of clay with lignin, rice husk powder and ash", Geomech. Eng., 8(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.1.067
  14. Chorom, M., Rengassoomy, P. and Murray, R.S. (1994), "Clay dispersion as influence by pH and net particle charge of sodic soil", Aust. J. Soil Res., 32(6), 1243-1252. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9941243
  15. El-Rawi, N.M. and Al-Samadi, M.Y.M. (1995), "Optimization of cement-lime-chemical additives to stabilize Jordanian soils", J. Islam. Acad. Sci., 8(4) 167-174.
  16. Falamaki, A., Shariatmadari, N. and Noorzad, A. (2008), "Strength properties of hexametaphosphate treated soils", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(8) 1215-1218. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:8(1215)
  17. Ghazali, F.M., Baghdadi, Z.A. and Khan, A.M. (1991), The Overconsolidated Behavior of Phosphoric Acid and Lime-Stabilized Kaolin Clay, Transportation Research Record, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 1295.
  18. Goren, A. (2013), "Unconfined compressive strength properties of various dispersing agents and cement stabilized clay", M.Sc. Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  19. Gullu, H. and Fedakar, H.I. (2017), "On the prediction of unconfined compressive strength of silty soil stabilized with bottom ash, jute and steel fibers via artificial intelligence", Geomech. Eng., 12(3), 441-464. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.3.441
  20. Hesaraki, S., Zamanian, A. and Moztarzadeh, F. (2009) "Effect of adding sodium hexametaphosphate liquefier on basic properties of calcium phosphate cements", J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 88(2), 314-321.
  21. Horpibulsuk, S., Phojan, W., Suddeepong, A. and Martin D.L. (2012), "Strength development in blended cement admixed saline clay", Appl. Clay Sci., 55, 44-52.
  22. Huan, Z. and Chang, J. (2008), "Effect of sodium carbonate solution on self-setting properties of tricalcium silicate bone cement", J. Biomater. Appl., 23(3), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328208088714
  23. Ivanov, V. and Chu, J. (2008), "Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for clogging and cementation of soil in situ", Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., 7(2) 139-153.
  24. Kalipcilar, I., Mardani-Aghabaglou, A., Sezer, G.I., Altun, S. and Sezer, A. (2016), "Assessment of the effect of sulfate attack on cement stabilized montmorillonite", Geomech. Eng., 10(6), 807-826. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.6.807
  25. Le Borgne, T., Cuisinier, O., Deneele, D. and Masrouri, F. (2009), "Effects of deleterious chemical compounds on soil stabilization", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, October.
  26. Le Runigo, B., Cuisinier, O., Cui, Y.J., Deneele, D. and Ferber, V. (2009), "Impact of the initial state on fabric and permeability of a lime treated silt under long-term leaching", Can. Geotech. J., 46(11), 1243-1257. https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-061
  27. Levy, G.J., Shainberg, I., Alperovitch, N. and van der Merwe, A.J. (1999), "Effect of Na-hexametaphosphate on the hydraulic conductivity of kaolinite-sand mixtures", Clay. Clay Miner., 39(2), 131-136.
  28. Maaitah, O.N. (2012), "Soil stabilization by a chemical agent", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 30(6), 1345-1356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9549-7
  29. Moayedi, H., Huat, B.B., Moayedi, F., Asadi, A. and Parsaie, A. (2011), "Effect of sodium silicate on the unconfined compressive strength of soft clay", Elec. J. Geotech. Eng., 16, 289-300.
  30. Muhunthan, B. and Sariosseiri, F. (2008), Interpretation of Geotechnical Properties of Cement Treated Soils, WA-RD 715.1, Washington State Transportation Center, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
  31. Nontananandh, S. (2005), "Investigations on reaction products in soil cement", Proccedings of the 10th National Convention on Civil Engineering, Cholburi, Thailand, May.
  32. Ouhadi, V.R. and Goodarzi, A.R. (2006), "Assessment of the stability of a dispersive soil treated by alum", Eng. Geol., 85(1-2), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.09.042
  33. Rica, H.C., Saussaye, L., Boutouil, M., Leleyter, L. and Baraud, F. (2016), "Stabilization of a silty soil: Effects of disruptive salts", Eng. Geol., 208(24) 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.032
  34. Saadeldin, R., Salem, M.A. and Lotfi, H.A. (2011), "Performance of road embankment on cement stabilized soft clay", Proceedings of the 14th Pan-American and 64th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Toronto, Canada, October.
  35. Saride, S., Puppala, A.J. and Chikyala, S.R. (2013), "Swell-shrink and strength behaviors of lime and cement stabilized expansive organic clays", Appl. Clay Sci., 85, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.09.008
  36. Saussaye, L., Boutouil, M., Baraud, F. and Leleyter, L. (2014), "Influence of anions on the geotechnical properties of soils treated with hydraulic binders: Individual and coupling effects", Constr. Build. Mater., 65, 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.109
  37. Saussaye, L., Boutouil, M., Baraud, F. and Leleyter, L. (2015), "Influence of sulfate and chloride ions on the geotechnical and microstructural properties of soils treated with hydraulic binders: Individual and coupling effects", Eng. Geol., 189, 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.023
  38. Saussaye, L., Boutouil, M., Baraud, F., Leleyter, L. and Abdo, J. (2013), "Influence of chloride and sulfate ions on the geotechnical properties of soils treated with hydraulic binders", Road Mater. Pavement Des., 14(1), 551-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.779303
  39. Sen, P. and Mukesh, M.D. (2011), "Evaluation of strength characteristics of clayey soil by adding soil stabilizing additives", Int. J. Earth Sci. Eng., 4, 1060-1064.
  40. Shooshpasha, I. and Shirvani, R.A. (2015), "Effect of cement stabilization on geotechnical properties of sandy soils", Geomech. Eng., 8(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.1.017
  41. Sunganya, K. and Sivapullaiah, P.V. (2015), "Role of sodium silicate additive in cement-treated Kuttanad soil", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28(6) 06016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001538
  42. Vakili, M.V., Chegenizadeh, A., Nikraz, H. and Keramatikerman, M. (2016), "Investigation on the shear strength of stabilized clay using cement, sodium silicate and slag", Appl. Clay Sci., 124(5), 243-251.
  43. Wang, L. (2002), "Cementitious stabilization of soils in the presence of sulfate", Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
  44. Wang, W., Roy, A., Seals, R.K. and Metcalf, J.B. (2003), "Stabilization of sulfate-containing soil by cementitious mixtures mechanical properties", Transport. Res. Rec., 1837, 12-19. https://doi.org/10.3141/1837-02
  45. Xing, H., Yang, X., Xu, C. and Ye, G. (2009), "Strength characteristics and mechanisms of salt-rich soil-cement", Eng. Geol., 103(1) 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.07.011
  46. Yilmaz, Y. and Ozaydin, V. (2013), "Compaction and shear strength characteristics of colemanite ore waste modified active belite cement stabilized high plasticity soils", Eng. Geol., 155, 45-53.