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Evolution of Mechanical Properties through Various Heat Treatments of a Cast Co-based Superalloy

주조용 코발트기 초내열합금의 열처리에 따른 기계적 특성 변화

  • Kim, In-Soo (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science) ;
  • Choi, Baig-Gyu (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science) ;
  • Jung, Joong-Eun (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science) ;
  • Do, Jeong-Hyeon (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science) ;
  • Jung, In-Yong (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science) ;
  • Jo, Chang-Yong (High tmeperature Materials Research Center Kora Institute of materials Science)
  • 김인수 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터) ;
  • 최백규 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터) ;
  • 정중은 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터) ;
  • 도정현 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터) ;
  • 정인용 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터) ;
  • 조창용 (한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 고온재료연구센터)
  • Received : 2018.08.23
  • Accepted : 2018.09.11
  • Published : 2018.10.31

Abstract

The effects of a heat treatment on the carbide formation behavior and mechanical properties of the cobalt-based superalloy X-45 were investigated here. Coarse primary carbides formed in the interdendritic region in the as-cast specimen, along with the precipitation of fine secondary carbides in the vicinity of the primary carbides. Most of the carbides formed in the interdendritic region were dissolved into the matrix by a solution treatment at $1274^{\circ}C$. Solutionizing at $1150^{\circ}C$ led to the dissolution of some carbides at the grain boundaries, though this also caused the precipitation of fine carbides in the vicinity of coarse primary carbides. A solution treatment followed by an aging treatment at $927^{\circ}C$ led to the precipitation of fine secondary carbides in the interdendritic region. Very fine carbides were precipitated in the dendritic region by an aging heat treatment at $927^{\circ}C$ and $982^{\circ}C$ without a solution treatment. The hardness value of the alloy solutionized at $1150^{\circ}C$ was somewhat higher than that in the as-cast condition; however, various aging treatments did not strongly influence the hardness value. The specimens as-cast and aged at $927^{\circ}C$ showed the highest hardness values, though they were not significantly affected by the aging time. The specimens aged only at $982^{\circ}C$ showed outstanding tensile and creep properties. Thermal exposure at high temperatures for 8000 hours led to the precipitation of carbide at the center of the dendrite region and an improvement of the creep rupture lifetimes.

코발트기 주조용 초내열합금 X45를 이용하여 다양한 형태의 열처리에 따른 미세조직과 기계적 특성의 변화에 대하여 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 합금의 응고 시 결정립계와 수지상간 경계를 따라 Cr이 다량 함유된 조대한 $M_{23}C_6$ 탄화물과 W과 Co의 함량이 높은 $M_6C$ 탄화물이 형성되어 있었고, $1274^{\circ}C$에서 용체화 처리하면 대부분의 탄화물이 용해되었다. $1150^{\circ}C$에서의 용체화 처리 동안 일부 결정립계 탄화물이 용해되지만 공정탄화물 근처에서 새로운 탄화물의 석출이 일어났다. $927^{\circ}C$$982^{\circ}C$에서 시효처리만 했을 때 용체화 처리 후 시효처리 한 시편 보다 공정 탄화물 근처에서 석출되는 탄화물의 양이 많았고, 크기가 작았다. 2) $1150^{\circ}C$에서 용체화 처리한 후 시효처리 하면 경도의 증가가 뚜렷하지 않으며, $927^{\circ}C$$982^{\circ}C$에서 시효처리만 했을 때 다량의 매우 미세한 탄화물의 석출에 의하여 경도의 증가 폭이 더 컸다. 상온 항복강도는 $927^{\circ}C$에서 시효처리 했을 때 가장 컸지만 인장강도와 연신율은 $982^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 시효처리 했을 때 가장 컸다. 고온 크리프 특성은 $982^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 시효처리 했을 때 가장 우수하였다. 3) 장시간 고온 노출 되는 동안 탄화물의 석출과 성장이 일어났고, 8000시간 고온에서 노출시킨 시편에서는 수지상 중심부에도 탄화물이 석출되어 크리프 파단 수명이 증가하였다.

Keywords

References

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