DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

나이트로사민류의 국내 정수장 분포 특성 및 위해성 평가

Risk assessment and distribution characteristics of N-nitrosamines in drinking water treatment plants

  • 손보영 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과) ;
  • 이이내 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과) ;
  • 양미희 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과) ;
  • 박상민 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과) ;
  • 표희수 (한국과학기술연구원 분자인식연구센터) ;
  • 이원석 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과) ;
  • 박주현 (국립환경과학원 상하수도 연구과)
  • Son, Boyoung (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division) ;
  • Lee, Leenae (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division) ;
  • Yang, Mihee (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division) ;
  • Park, Sangmin (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division) ;
  • Pyo, Heesoo (Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Molecular Recognition Research Center) ;
  • Lee, Wonsuk (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division) ;
  • Park, Juhyun (National Institute of Environmental Research, Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.24
  • 심사 : 2018.09.28
  • 발행 : 2018.10.15

초록

A nationwide survey of 8 N-nitrosamines in finished water samples from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Korea was conducted. The samples were pre-treated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using a gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). According to the study results, four N-nitrosamines (NDMA, NDEA, NMOR, NDBA) were detected for three consecutive years, NMEA and NPYR were only found in samples collected in 2013. Two of these N-nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. The concentration of NDMA and NDEA in this study ranged from $0.002{\mu}g/L$ to $0.013{\mu}g/L$ and in $0.001{\mu}g/L$ to $0.008{\mu}g/L$, respectively. In comparison to studies performed in EPA(UCMR2), the concentrations of NDMA (from $0.002{\mu}g/L$ to $0.630{\mu}g/L$) and NDEA (from $0.005{\mu}g/L$ to $0.100{\mu}g/L$) observed in the this study were low.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Asami, M., Oya, M. and Kosaka, K. (2012). A nationwide survey of NDMA in raw and drinking water in Japan, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 3540-3545.
  2. CDPH. (2009). NDMA and Other Nitrosamines-Drinking Water Issues, http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/NDMA.aspx.
  3. Charroris J.W,A. and Hrudey S.E. (2007). Breakpoint chlorination and free-chlorine contact time: Implication for drinking water N-nitrosodimethylamine concentrations, Water Res., 41, 674-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.07.031
  4. Choi, J. and Valentine, R.L. (2002). Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product, Water Res., 36, 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00303-7
  5. Health Canada. (2011). Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA).
  6. IPCS. (2002). N-nitrosodimetylamine, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization Geneva (Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 38).
  7. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, national nutrition survey. (2015). https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub04_03.do?classType=7 (December, 2015).
  8. Kosaka, K., Asami, M., Ohkubo, K., Iwamoto, T., Tanaka, Y., Koshino, H., Echigo, S. and Akiba, M. (2014). Identification of a new N-nitrosodimethylamine precursor in sewage containing industrial effluents, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11243-11250. https://doi.org/10.1021/es502284t
  9. Krasner, S.W., Mitch, W.A., McCurry, D.L., Hanigan, D. and Westerhoff, P. (2013). Formation, precursors, control and occurrence of nitrosamines in drinking water: A review, Water Res., 47, 4433-4450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.050
  10. Kucukcongar, S., Sevimli, M.F. and Yel, E. (2017). The comparison of THMs and HAAs formation and speciation by chlorination and chloramination for different water sources, Global NEST J., 19, 607-613. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002200
  11. MHLW. (2007). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Review of Water quality standards, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2008/12/dl/s1216-6d.pdf.
  12. OEHHA. (2006). Public Health Goal for Chemicals in Drinking Water: N-nitrosodimethylamine. http://www.oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/pdf/122206NDMAphg.pdf.
  13. Rostkowska, K., Zwierz, K., Rozanski, A., Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J. and Roszczenko, A. (1998). Formation and Metabolism of N-nitrosamines, Polish J. Environ. Studies, 7, 321-325.
  14. Shah, A. and Mitch, W.A. (2012). Halonitroalkanes, halonitriles, haloamides and N-nitrosamines: critical review of nitrogenous disinfection byprodust(N-DBP) formation pathways, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1021/es203312s
  15. USEPA. (2009). Contaminant Candidate List 3 (CCL3). http://water.epa.gov/scitech/drinkingwater/dws/ccl/ccl3.cfm (October 8, 2018).
  16. USEPA. (2012). Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 2 (UCMR 2) Occurrence Data. https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule#2 (October 8, 2018).
  17. West D.M., Wu Q., Donovan A., Shi H., Ma Y., Jiang H., Wang J. (2016). N-nitrosamine formation by monochloramine, free chlorine and peracetic acid disinfection with presence of amine precursors in drinking water system, Chemosphere, 153, 521-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.035
  18. WHO. (2008). N-nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking-water, WHO/HSE/AMR/08.03/8.
  19. Yee, L.F., Abdullah, M.P., Ata, S., Abdullah, A., Ishak, B. and Nidzham, K. (2008). Chlorination and chloramines formation, Malaysian J. Anal. Sci., 12, 528-535.

피인용 문헌

  1. Regional and Seasonal Distributions of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Concentrations in Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Korea vol.11, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122645