Acknowledgement
Supported by : National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
References
-
Segtnan EA, Hess S, Grupe P, Hoilund-Carlsen PF.
$^{18}F$ -fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography for primary brain tumors. PET Clin 2015;10:59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2014.09.005 - Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Liao P, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2010-2014. Neuro Oncol 2017;19(suppl_5):v1-v88. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nox158
- Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131:803-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1
- Dunet V, Pomoni A, Hottinger A, Nicod-Lalonde M, Prior JO. Performance of 18F-FET versus 18F-FDG-PET for the diagnosis and grading of brain tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuro Oncol 2016;18:426-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov148
- Hustinx R, Fosse P. PET in Brain Tumors. PET Clin 2010;5:185-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2010.02.004
- El-Deiry WS, Sigman CC, Kelloff GJ. Imaging and oncologic drug development. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3261-73. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5623
- la Fougere C, Suchorska B, Bartenstein P, Kreth FW, Tonn JC. Molecular imaging of gliomas with PET: opportunities and limitations. Neuro Oncol 2011;13:806-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nor054
- Segtnan EA, Grupe P, Jarden JO, et al. Prognostic implications of total hemispheric glucose metabolism ratio in cerebrocerebellar diaschisis. J Nucl Med 2017;58:768-73. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.180398
- Delbeke D, Meyerowitz C, Lapidus RL, et al. Optimal cutoff levels of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the differentiation of low-grade from high-grade brain tumors with PET. Radiology 1995;195:47-52. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.195.1.7892494
- Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 1956;123:309-14. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.123.3191.309
- Gallagher BM, Fowler JS, Gutterson NI, MacGregor RR, Wan CN, Wolf AP. Metabolic trapping as a principle of oradiopharmaceutical design: some factors resposible for the biodistribution of [18F] 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. J Nucl Med 1978;19:1154-61.
- Nishioka T, Oda Y, Seino Y, et al. Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 1992;52:3972-9.
- Singhal T, Narayanan TK, Jacobs MP, Bal C, Mantil JC. 11C-methionine PET for grading and prognostication in gliomas: a comparison study with 18F-FDG PET and contrast enhancement on MRI. J Nucl Med 2012;53:1709-15. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.102533
- Chao ST, Suh JH, Raja S, Lee SY, Barnett G. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET in distinguishing recurrent brain tumor from radionecrosis in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Cancer 2001;96:191-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.1016
- Padma MV, Said S, Jacobs M, et al. Prediction of pathology and survival by FDG PET in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2003;64:227-37. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025665820001
- Herholz K, Pietrzyk U, Voges J, et al. Correlation of glucose consumption and tumor cell density in astrocytomas. A stereotactic PET study. J Neurosurg 1993;79:853-8. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.79.6.0853
- Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang J. A meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-methionine PET for differentiating brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:1058-65. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3718
- Horky LL, Hsiao EM, Weiss SE, Drappatz J, Gerbaudo VH. Dual phase FDG-PET imaging of brain metastases provides superior assessment of recurrence versus post-treatment necrosis. J Neurooncol 2011;103:137-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-010-0365-8
- Prieto E, Marti-Climent JM, Dominguez-Prado I, et al. Voxel-based analysis of dual-time-point 18F-FDG PET images for brain tumor identification and delineation. J Nucl Med 2011;52:865-72. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.085324
- Wong TZ, van der Westhuizen GJ, Coleman RE. Positron emission tomography imaging of brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2002;12:615-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1052-5149(02)00033-3
- Santra A, Kumar R, Sharma P, et al. F-18 FDG PET-CT in patients with recurrent glioma: comparison with contrast enhanced MRI. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:508-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.080
- Langleben DD, Segall GM. PET in differentiation of recurrent brain tumor from radiation injury. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1861-7.
- Wang SX, Boethius J, Ericson K. FDG-PET on irradiated brain tumor: ten years' summary. Acta Radiologica 2006;47:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841850500335101
- Sharma A, McConathy J. Overview of PET tracers for brain tumor imaging. PET Clin 2013;8:129-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2013.02.001
- Chen W. Clinical applications of PET in brain tumors. J Nucl Med 2007;48:1468-81. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.106.037689
- Chen W, Silverman DH. Advances in evaluation of primary brain tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2008;38:240-50. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.02.005
- Salber D, Stoffels G, Pauleit D, et al. Differential uptake of O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine, L-3H-methionine, and 3H-deoxyglucose in brain abscesses. J Nucl Med 2007;48:2056-62. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.107.046615
- Morbelli S, Djekidel M, Hesse S, Pagani M, Barthel H. Role of (18)F-FDG-PET imaging in the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1009-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30140-5
-
Solnes LB, Jones KM, Rowe SP, et al. Diagnostic value of
$^{18}F$ -FDG PET/CT versus MRI in the setting of antibody-specific autoimmune encephalitis. J Nucl Med 2017;58:1307-13. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.184333 - Koopmans KP, Glaudemans AW. Rationale for the use of radiolabelled peptides in diagnosis and therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;39 Suppl 1:S4-10.
- Gulyas B, Halldin C. New PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond FDG for brain tumor imaging. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;56:173-90.
- Karunanithi S, Sharma P, Kumar A, et al. Can (18)F-FDOPA PET/CT predict survival in patients with suspected recurrent glioma? A prospective study. Eur J Radiol 2014;83:219-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.09.004
- Mosskin M, Ericson K, Hindmarsh T, et al. Positron emission tomography compared with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in supratentorial gliomas using multiple stereotactic biopsies as reference. Acta Radiol 1989;30:225-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000301
- Terakawa Y, Tsuyuguchi N, Iwai Y, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 11C-methionine PET for differentiation of recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis after radiotherapy. J Nucl Med 2008;49:694-9. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.107.048082
- Ullrich RT, Kracht L, Brunn A, et al. Methyl-L-11C-methionine PET as a diagnostic marker for malignant progression in patients with glioma. J Nucl Med 2009;50:1962-8. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.065904
- Kobayashi K, Hirata K, Yamaguchi S, et al. Prognostic value of volumebased measurements on (11)C-methionine PET in glioma patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015;42:1071-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3046-1
- Glaudemans AW, Enting RH, Heesters MA, et al. Value of 11C-methionine PET in imaging brain tumours and metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013;40:615-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-012-2295-5
- Kracht LW, Miletic H, Busch S, et al. Delineation of brain tumor extent with [11C]L-methionine positron emission tomography: local comparison with stereotactic histopathology. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:7163-70. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0262
- Ishiwata K, Kubota K, Murakami M, et al. Re-evaluation of amino acid PET studies: can the protein synthesis rates in brain and tumor tissues be measured in vivo? J Nucl Med 1993;34:1936-43.
- Kato T, Shinoda J, Oka N, et al. Analysis of 11C-methionine uptake in low-grade gliomas and correlation with proliferative activity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1867-71. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1242
- Dhermain FG, Hau P, Lanfermann H, Jacobs AH, van den Bent MJ. Advanced MRI and PET imaging for assessment of treatment response in patients with gliomas. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:906-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70181-2
- Singhal T, Narayanan TK, Jain V, Mukherjee J, Mantil J. 11C-L-methionine positron emission tomography in the clinical management of cerebral gliomas. Mol Imaging Biol 2008;10:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-007-0115-2
-
Singhal T, Alavi A, Kim CK. Brain: positron emission tomography tracers beyond [
$^{18}F$ ]fluorodeoxyglucose. PET Clin 2014;9:267-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2014.03.009 - Braun V, Dempf S, Weller R, Reske SN, Schachenmayr W, Richter HP. Cranial neuronavigation with direct integration of (11)C methionine positron emission tomography (PET) data- results of a pilot study in 32 surgical cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002;144:777-82; discussion 782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-002-0942-5
- Herholz K, Holzer T, Bauer B, et al. 11C-methionine PET for differential diagnosis of low-grade gliomas. Neurology 1998;50:1316-22. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.50.5.1316
- Yamane T, Sakamoto S, Senda M. Clinical impact of (11)C-methionine PET on expected management of patients with brain neoplasm. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:685-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-009-1302-y
- Dandois V, Rommel D, Renard L, Jamart J, Cosnard G. Substitution of 11C-methionine PET by perfusion MRI during the follow-up of treated high-grade gliomas: preliminary results in clinical practice. J Neuroradiol 2010;37:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurad.2009.04.005
- Mosskin M, von Holst H, Bergstrom M, et al. Positron emission tomography with 11C-methionine and computed tomography of intracranial tumours compared with histopathologic examination of multiple biopsies. Acta Radiol 1987;28:673-81.
- Demetriades AK, Almeida AC, Bhangoo RS, Barrington SF. Applications of positron emission tomography in neuro-oncology: a clinical approach. Surgeon 2014;12:148-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2013.12.001
- De Witte O, Goldberg I, Wikler D, et al. Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a prognostic factor in glioma. J Neurosurg 2001;95:746-50. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.95.5.0746
- Kameyama M, Shirane R, Itoh J, et al. The accumulation of 11C-methionine in cerebral glioma patients studied with PET. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990;104:8-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01842885
- Kato T, Shinoda J, Nakayama N, et al. Metabolic assessment of gliomas using 11C-methionine, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose, and 11C-choline positron-emission tomography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1176-82. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1008
- Kaschten B, Stevenaert A, Sadzot B, et al. Preoperative evaluation of 54 gliomas by PET with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and/or carbon-11-methionine. J Nucl Med 1998;39:778-85.
- Ceyssens S, Van Laere K, de Groot T, Goffin J, Bormans G, Mortelmans L. [11C]methionine PET, histopathology, and survival in primary brain tumors and recurrence. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:1432-7.
- Moulin-Romsee G, D'Hondt E, de Groot T, et al. Non-invasive grading of brain tumours using dynamic amino acid PET imaging: does it work for 11C-methionine? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34:2082-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-0557-4
- Nihashi T, Dahabreh IJ, Terasawa T. Diagnostic accuracy of PET for recurrent glioma diagnosis: a meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:944-50, S1-11. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3324
- Bergmann R, Pietzsch J, Fuechtner F, et al. 3-O-methyl-6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa, a new tumor imaging agent: investigation of transport mechanism in vitro. J Nucl Med 2004;45:2116-22.
- Heiss WD, Wienhard K, Wagner R, et al. F-Dopa as an amino acid tracer to detect brain tumors. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1180-2.
- Suchorska B, Tonn JC, Jansen NL. PET imaging for brain tumor diagnostics. Curr Opin Neurol 2014;27:683-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000143
- Becherer A, Karanikas G, Szabo M, et al. Brain tumour imaging with PET: a comparison between [18F]fluorodopa and [11C]methionine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1561-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1259-1
- Bell C, Dowson N, Puttick S, et al. Increasing feasibility and utility of (18)F-FDOPA PET for the management of glioma. Nucl Med Biol 2015;42:788-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.06.001
- Fueger BJ, Czernin J, Cloughesy T, et al. Correlation of 6-18F-fluoro-Ldopa PET uptake with proliferation and tumor grade in newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas. J Nucl Med 2010;51:1532-8. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.078592
- Karunanithi S, Sharma P, Kumar A, et al. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT for detection of recurrence in patients with glioma: prospective comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013;40:1025-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2384-0
- Chen W, Silverman DH, Delaloye S, et al. 18F-FDOPA PET imaging of brain tumors: comparison study with 18F-FDG PET and evaluation of diagnostic accuracy. J Nucl Med 2006;47:904-11.
- Beuthien-Baumann B, Bredow J, Burchert W, et al. 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA and its evaluation in brain tumour imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1004-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1205-2
- Pafundi DH, Laack NN, Youland RS, et al. Biopsy validation of 18F-DOPA PET and biodistribution in gliomas for neurosurgical planning and radiotherapy target delineation: results of a prospective pilot study. Neuro Oncol 2013;15:1058-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/not002
- Grosu AL, Weber WA, Franz M, et al. Reirradiation of recurrent highgrade gliomas using amino acid PET (SPECT)/CT/MRI image fusion to determine gross tumor volume for stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;63:511-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.056
- Schwarzenberg J, Czernin J, Cloughesy TF, et al. Treatment response evaluation using 18F-FDOPA PET in patients with recurrent malignant glioma on bevacizumab therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:3550-9. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1440
- Cicone F, Minniti G, Romano A, et al. Accuracy of F-DOPA PET and perfusion-MRI for differentiating radionecrotic from progressive brain metastases after radiosurgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015;42:103-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-014-2886-4
- Herholz K. Brain tumors: an update on clinical PET research in gliomas. Semin Nucl Med 2017;47:5-17. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.09.004
- Chen W, Cloughesy T, Kamdar N, et al. Imaging proliferation in brain tumors with 18F-FLT PET: comparison with 18F-FDG. J Nucl Med 2005;46:945-52.
- Yamamoto Y, Ono Y, Aga F, Kawai N, Kudomi N, Nishiyama Y. Correlation of 18F-FLT uptake with tumor grade and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas. J Nucl Med 2012;53:1911-5. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.104729
-
Nikaki A, Angelidis G, Efthimiadou R, et al.
$^{18}F$ -fluorothymidine PET imaging in gliomas: an update. Ann Nucl Med 2017;31:495-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-017-1183-2 - Choi SJ, Kim JS, Kim JH, et al. [18F]3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine PET for the diagnosis and grading of brain tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005;32:653-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-004-1742-3
- Jeong SY, Lim SM. Comparison of 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine PET and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. Nucl Med Biol 2012;39:977-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.02.009
- Hatakeyama T, Kawai N, Nishiyama Y, et al. 11C-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) PET in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008;35:2009-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0847-5
- Jacobs AH, Thomas A, Kracht LW, et al. 18F-fluoro-L-thymidine and 11C-methylmethionine as markers of increased transport and proliferation in brain tumors. J Nucl Med 2005;46:1948-58.
- Filss CP, Galldiks N, Stoffels G, et al. Comparison of 18F-FET PET and perfusion-weighted MR imaging: a PET/MR imaging hybrid study in patients with brain tumors. J Nucl Med 2014;55:540-5. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.129007
- Rahm V, Boxheimer L, Bruehlmeier M, et al. Focal changes in diffusivity on apparent diffusion coefficient MR imaging and amino acid uptake on PET do not colocalize in nonenhancing low-grade gliomas. J Nucl Med 2014;55:546-50. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.130732
- Yoon JH, Kim JH, Kang WJ, et al. Grading of cerebral glioma with multiparametric MR imaging and 18F-FDG-PET: concordance and accuracy. Eur Radiol 2014;24:380-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-3019-3
- Rausch I, Rischka L, Ladefoged CN, et al. PET/MRI for oncologic brain imaging: a comparison of standard MR-based attenuation corrections with a model-based approach for the Siemens mMR PET/MR System. J Nucl Med 2017;58:1519-25. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.186148
- Verger A, Filss CP, Lohmann P, et al. Comparison of 18F-FET PET and perfusion-weighted MRI for glioma grading: a hybrid PET/MR study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017;44:2257-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3812-3
- Neuner I, Kaffanke JB, Langen KJ, et al. Multimodal imaging utilising integrated MR-PET for human brain tumour assessment. Eur Radiol 2012;22:2568-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2543-x
- Tachibana I, Nishimura Y, Shibata T, et al. A prospective clinical trial of tumor hypoxia imaging with 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-MISO PET/CT) before and during radiation therapy. J Radiat Res 2013;54:1078-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrt033
- Sachpekidis C, Thieke C, Askoxylakis V, et al. Combined use of (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FMISO in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer patients planned for radiotherapy: a dynamic PET/CT study. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015;5:127-42.
- Cher LM, Murone C, Lawrentschuk N, et al. Correlation of hypoxic cell fraction and angiogenesis with glucose metabolic rate in gliomas using 18F-fluoromisonidazole, 18F-FDG PET, and immunohistochemical studies. J Nucl Med 2006;47:410-8.
- Mendichovszky I, Jackson A. Imaging hypoxia in gliomas. Br J Radiol 2011;84 Spec No 2:S145-58. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/82292521
Cited by
- The Molecular Effects of Ionizing Radiations on Brain Cells: Radiation Necrosis vs. Tumor Recurrence vol.9, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040127
- The Added Value of Diagnostic and Theranostic PET Imaging for the Treatment of CNS Tumors vol.21, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031029
- Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance vol.21, pp.16, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165631
- Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumours Assessed with the Brain and Torso [18F]FDG PET/CT Study Protocol-10 Years of Single-Institutional Experiences vol.14, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080722