Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Effects of Several Cosmetic Preservatives on ROS-Dependent Apoptosis of Rat Neural Progenitor Cells

  • Ryu, Onjeon (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Bo Kyung (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Bang, Minji (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Cho, Kyu Suk (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Sung Hoon (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Gonzales, Edson Luck T. (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yang, Sung Min (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Seonmin (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Eun, Pyeong Hwa (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Joo Young (BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kim, Kyu-Bong (College of Pharmacy, Dankook University) ;
  • Shin, Chan Young (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kwon, Kyoung Ja (Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2017.10.31
  • Accepted : 2018.01.09
  • Published : 2018.11.01
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Abstract

Benzalkonium chloride, diazolidinyl urea, and imidazolidinyl urea are commonly used preservatives in cosmetics. Recent reports suggested that these compounds may have cellular and systemic toxicity in high concentration. In addition, diazolidinyl urea and imidazolidinyl urea are known formaldehyde (FA) releasers, raising concerns for these cosmetic preservatives. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzalkonium chloride, diazolidinyl urea, and imidazolidinyl urea on ROS-dependent apoptosis of rat neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro. Cells were isolated and cultured from embryonic day 14 rat cortices. Cultured cells were treated with 1-1,000 nM benzalkonium chloride, and $1-50{\mu}M$ diazolidinyl urea or imidazolidinyl urea at various time points to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS). PI staining, MTT assay, and live-cell imaging were used for cell viability measurements. Western blot was carried out for cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8 as apoptotic protein markers. In rat NPCs, ROS production and cleaved caspase-8 expression were increased while the cell viability was decreased in high concentrations of these substances. These results suggest that several cosmetic preservatives at high concentrations can induce neural toxicity in rat brains through ROS induction and apoptosis.

Keywords

References

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