References
- Leung AK, Robson WL. Premature adrenarche. J Pediatr Health Care 2008;22:230-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.07.002
- Liimatta J, Laakso S, Utriainen P, Voutilainen R, Palvimo JJ, Jaaskelainen T, et al. Serum androgen bioactivity is low in children with premature adrenarche. Pediatr Res 2014;75:645-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2014.21
- Voutilainen R, Jaaskelainen J. Premature adrenarche: etiology, clinical findings, and consequences. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015;145:226-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.004
- Montalto J, Yong AB, Funder JW, Connelly JF. Serum 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol sulphate, sex hormone binding globulin and free androgen index in girls with premature adrenarche. J Steroid Biochem 1989;33:1149-54.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(89)90423-8
- Dorn LD, Rose SR, Rotenstein D, Susman EJ, Huang B, Loucks TL, et al. Differences in endocrine parameters and psychopathology in girls with premature adrenarche versus on-time adrenarche. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008;21:439-48.
- Ibanez L, Potau N, Zampolli M, Rique S, Saenger P, Carrascosa A. Hyperinsulinemia and decreased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 are common features in prepubertal and pubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2283-8.
- Ibanez L, Potau N, Chacon P, Pascual C, Carrascosa A. Hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipaemia and cardiovascular risk in girls with a history of premature pubarche. Diabetologia 1998;41:1057-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051030
- Silfen ME, Manibo AM, Ferin M, McMahon DJ, Levine LS, Oberfield SE. Elevated free IGF-I levels in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: relationship with hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:398-403. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.1.8143
- Banerjee S, Raghavan S, Wasserman EJ, Linder BL, Saenger P, DiMartino-Nardi J. Hormonal findings in African- American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: implications for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pediatrics 1998;102:E36. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.3.e36
- Kousta E. Premature adrenarche leads to polycystic ovary syndrome? Long-term consequences. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1092:148-57. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1365.013
- Ibanez L, Potau N, Virdis R, Zampolli M, Terzi C, Gussinye M, et al. Postpubertal outcome in girls diagnosed of premature pubarche during childhood: increased frequency of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1599-603.
- Ibanez L, Jaramillo A, Enriquez G, Miro E, Lopez-Bermejo A, Dunger D, et al. Polycystic ovaries after precocious pubarche: relation to prenatal growth. Hum Reprod 2007;22:395-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del395
- Rosenfield RL, Lipton RB, Drum ML. Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche attainment in children with normal and elevated body mass index. Pediatrics 2009;123:84-8. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0146
- Gavela-Perez T, Garces C, Navarro-Sanchez P, Lopez Villanueva L, Soriano-Guillen L. Earlier menarcheal age in Spanish girls is related with an increase in body mass index between pre-pubertal school age and adolescence. Pediatr Obes 2015;10:410-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.277
- Ibanez L, Potau N, Marcos MV, de Zegher F. Exaggerated adrenarche and hyperinsulinism in adolescent girls born small for gestational age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4739-41. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.12.6341
- Hokken-Koelega AC. Timing of puberty and fetal growth. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;16:65-71. https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0181
- Zhang LH, Rodriguez H, Ohno S, Miller WL. Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:10619-23. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.23.10619
- Ibanez L, Bonnin MR, Zampolli M, Prat N, Alia PJ, Navarro MA. Usefulness of an ACTH test in the diagnosis of nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency among children presenting with premature pubarche. Horm Res 1995;44:51-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000184592
- Pigny P, Merlen E, Robert Y, Cortet-Rudelli C, Decanter C, Jonard S, et al. Elevated serum level of anti-mullerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to the ovarian follicle excess and to the follicular arrest. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5957-62. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030727
- Bayley N, Pinneau SR. Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J Pediatr 1952;40:423-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(52)80205-7
- Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11 2002:1-190.
- Collins WP, Mansfield MD, Alladina NS, Sommerville IF. Radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone. J Steroid Biochem 1972;3:333-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(72)90080-5
- Kumar A, Kalra B, Patel A, McDavid L, Roudebush WE. Development of a second generation anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) ELISA. J Immunol Methods 2010;362:51-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2010.08.011
- Vaiarelli A, Drakopoulos P, Blockeel C, De Vos M, van de Vijver A, Camus M, et al. Limited ability of circulating anti-Mullerian hormone to predict dominant follicular recruitment in PCOS women treated with clomiphene citrate: a comparison of two different assays. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016;32:227-30. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1110138
- Wallace AM, Faye SA, Fleming R, Nelson SM. A multicentre evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter anti-Mullerian hormone immunoassay (AMH Gen II) Ann Clin Biochem 2011;48(Pt 4):370-3. https://doi.org/10.1258/acb.2011.010172
- Hagen CP, Aksglaede L, Sorensen K, Mouritsen A, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, et al. Individual serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone in healthy girls persist through childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study. Hum Reprod 2012;27:861-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der435
- Paterson WF, Ahmed SF, Bath L, Donaldson MD, Fleming R, Greene SA, et al. Exaggerated adrenarche in a cohort of Scottish children: clinical features and biochemistry. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010;72:496-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03739.x
- Ucar A, Erol OB, Yekeler E, Yildiz I, Bozlak S, Saka N, et al. Pelvic ultrasound findings in prepubertal girls with precocious adrenarche born appropriate for gestational age. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014;80:699-705. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12355
- Wu T, Mendola P, Buck GM. Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Pediatrics 2002;110:752-7. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.4.752
- Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Norjavaara E. Sensitive RIA measures testosterone concentrations in prepubertal and pubertal children comparable to tandem mass spectrometry. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2015;75:341-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2014.942694
- Diaz A, Bhandari S, Sison C, Vogiatzi M. Characteristics of children with premature pubarche in the new york metropolitan area. Horm Res 2008;70:150-4. https://doi.org/10.1159/000137661
- Sopher AB, Thornton JC, Silfen ME, Manibo A, Oberfield SE, Wang J, et al. Prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche have greater bone mineral content and density than controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5269-72. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.8045
- DeSalvo DJ, Mehra R, Vaidyanathan P, Kaplowitz PB. In children with premature adrenarche, bone age advancement by 2 or more years is common and generally benign. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013;26:215-21.
- Sopher AB, Jean AM, Zwany SK, Winston DM, Pomeranz CB, Bell JJ, et al. Bone age advancement in prepubertal children with obesity and premature adrenarche: possible potentiating factors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:1259-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.305
- Bhide P, Homburg R. Anti-Mullerian hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016;37:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.004
- Qi X, Pang Y, Qiao J. The role of anti-Mullerian hormone in the pathogenesis and pathophysiological characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016;199:82-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.029
- Łebkowska A, Kowalska I. Anti-Mullerian hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endokrynol Pol 2017;68:74-8.
- Crisosto N, Codner E, Maliqueo M, Echiburu B, Sanchez F, Cassorla F, et al. Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in peripubertal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:2739-43. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0267
- Utriainen P, Jaaskelainen J, Voutilainen R. Serum antimullerian hormone concentrations in prepubertal girls with and without premature adrenarche: The influence of body mass index. Horm Res Paediatr 2010;74:207-11. https://doi.org/10.1159/000282113
Cited by
- Low prevalence of organic pathology in a predominantly black population with premature adrenarche: need to stratify definitions and screening protocols vol.2020, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13633-020-0075-8