Mood & Emotion (우울조울병)

Korean Society for Affective Disorders (대한우울조울병학회)
권호 표지

Impact of Eating-Alone on Depression in Korean Female Elderly : Findings from the Sixth and Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014 and 2016

한국 여성 노인에서 혼자 하는 식사와 우울의 관련성 : 제6기 2014년 및 제7기 2016년 국민건강영양조사의 결과

  • Cho, Sung Eun (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Nam, Beomwoo (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Seo, Jeong Seok (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University)
  • 조성은 (건국대학교 의과대학 충주병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 남범우 (건국대학교 의과대학 충주병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 서정석 (건국대학교 의과대학 충주병원 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2018.10.11
  • Accepted : 2018.10.22
  • Published : 2018.11.30

⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : Despite the lack of domestic research, eating alone has been reported to be related to depression. We investigated correlation between eating alone, and depression, among women age 65 and older. Methods : Among women registered in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 1,119 elderly in 2014, and 1,189 in 2016, were analyzed. Eating alone and the degree of depression were assessed, using a questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 respectively. The relationship between eating alone and depression, was analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. Results : In 2014 data, eating alone had significant effect on depression, as the explanatory power is increased to 30.4% in a 'three meals eating alone a day' group (${\beta}=0.128$, p<0.05), when the eating alone parameter is added to demographic factors and health characteristics. In 2016, exploitation of 'the frequency of eating alone' variable led to increment of explanatory power to 22.3%, that was not statistically significant. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that eating alone among women age 65 and older, was a risk factor of depression in 2014, and is becoming a new life pattern as a social and cultural phenomenon in 2016.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistics Korea [homepage on the Internet]. [updated 2017 Jan 26]. Available from URL: http://kosis.kr/.
  2. Djernes JK. Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: A review. Acta Psychoiatr Scand 2006;113:372-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00770.x
  3. Muramatsu N, Akiyama H. Japan: super-aging society preparing for the future. Gerontolgosist 2011;51:425-432. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr067
  4. Hur JS, Yoo SH. Determinants of Depression among Elderly Persons. Mental Health & Social Work 2002;13:7-35.
  5. Sengupta P, Benjamin AI. Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among the elderly in urban and rural field practice areas of a tertiary care institution in Ludhiana. Indian J Public Health 2015;59:3-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.152845
  6. Aylaz R, Akturk U, Erci B, Ozturk H, Aslan H. Relationship between depression and loneliness in elderly and examination of influential factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012;55:548-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.03.006
  7. Heun R, Hein S. Risk factors of major depression in the elderly. Eur Psychiatry 2003:20:199-204.
  8. Kuroda A, Tanaka T, Hirano H, Ohara Y, Kikutani T, Furuya H, et al. Eating alone as Social disengagement is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015;16:578-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.01.078
  9. Wang X, Shen W, Wang C, Zhang X, Xiao Y, He F, et al. Association between eating alone and depressive symptom in elders: a cross-sectional study. BNC Geriatrics 2016;16:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0197-2
  10. Lee SA, Park EC, Ju YJ, Kim TH. Is one's usual dinner companion associated with greater odds of depression? Using data from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016;62:560-568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764016654505
  11. Vesnaver E, Keller HH. Social influences and eating behavior in later life: A review. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2011;30:2-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639366.2011.545038
  12. Tani Y, Kondo N, Takagi D, Saito M, Hikichi H, Ojima T, et al. Combined effects of eating alone and living alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: Results of the JAGES. Appetite 2015;95:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.005
  13. Park HS. Meals and Social Solidarity: Emotional Sociology of 'Eating Together'. Journal of East Asian social thoughts 2017;20:133-180.
  14. Yiengprugsawan V, Banwell C, Takeda W, Dixon J, Seubsman SA, Sleigh AC. Health, Happiness and Eating Together: What Can a Large Thai Cohort Study Tell Us? Glob J of Health Sci 2015;7:270-277.
  15. Kimura Y, Wada T, Okumiya K, Ishimoto Y, Fukutomi E, Kasahara Y, et al. Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity. J Nutr Health Aging 2012;16:728-731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0067-3
  16. Luppa M, Sikorsk C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, et al. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2012;135:212-221.
  17. Glaesmer H, Riedel-Heller S, Braehler E, Spangenberg L, Luppa M. Age- and gender-specific prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study. Int Psychogeriatr 2011;23:1294-1300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211000780
  18. Song EG, Yoon YS, Yang YJ, Lee ES, Lee JH, Lee JY, et al. Factors associated with eating along in Korean adults: Findings from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Pract 2014 2017;7:698-706.
  19. Han C, Jo SA, Kwak JH, Pae CU, Steffens D, Jo I, et al. Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version in the elderly population: the Ansan Geriatric study. Compr Psychiatry 2008;49:218-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.08.006
  20. Koenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606-13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  21. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs [homepage on the Internet]. Sejong: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs; 2014 [cited 2017 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.prism.go.kr/.
  22. Danesi G. Pleasures and stress of eating alone and eating together among French and German young adults. J Eat Hosp Res 2012;1:77-91.
  23. Trevisan C, Veronese N, Maggi S, Baggio G, Rui MD, Bolzetta F, et al. Marital status and frailty in older people: gender differences in the Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study. J Womens Health 2016;25:630-637. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5592
  24. Park SY. The effects of health-realted factors and social networks on depressive symptoms in elderly men and women: focusing on the moderating effects of gender. Health and Social Welfare Review 2018;38:154-190. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2018.38.1.154
  25. Oh CS. The Effects of the elderly's subjective health perceptions and quality of life on their depression and suicide ideation. The Korean Journal of Health Service Management 2012;6:179-191. https://doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2012.6.2.179
  26. Marleen VE, Nicolson NA, Berkhof J. Effects of stressful daily events on mood states: Relationship to global perceived stress. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998;75:1572-1585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1572
  27. Bergdahl J, Bergdahl B. Perceived stress in adults: prevalence and association of depression, anxiety and medication in a Swedish population. Stress and Health 2002;18:235-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.946