Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine (대한재활의학회)
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Needle Entry Angle to Prevent Carotid Sheath Injury for Fluoroscopy-Guided Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection

  • Choi, Jaewoo (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ha, Doo Hoe (Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kwon, Shinyoung (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Youngsu (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yu, Junghoon (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, MinYoung (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine) ;
  • Min, Kyunghoon (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.06.01
  • Accepted : 2018.07.26
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Objective To suggest rotation angles of fluoroscopy that can bypass the carotid sheath according to vertebral levels for cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI). Methods Patients who underwent cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2009 to October 2017 were analyzed. In axial sections of cervical spine MRI, three angles to the vertical line (${\alpha}$, angle not to insult carotid sheath; ${\beta}$, angle for the conventional TFESI; ${\gamma}$, angle not to penetrate carotid artery) were measured. Results Alpha (${\alpha}$) angles tended to increase for upper cervical levels ($53.3^{\circ}$ in C6-7, $65.2^{\circ}$ in C5-6, $75.3^{\circ}$ in C4-5, $82.3^{\circ}$ in C3-4). Beta (${\beta}$) angles for conventional TFESI showed a constant value of $45^{\circ}$ to $47^{\circ}$ ($47.5^{\circ}$ in C6-7, $47.4^{\circ}$ in C5-6, $45.7^{\circ}$ in C4-5, $45.0^{\circ}$ in C3-4). Gamma (${\gamma}$) angles increased at higher cervical levels as did ${\alpha}$ angles ($25.2^{\circ}$ in C6-7, $33.6^{\circ}$ in C5-6, $43.0^{\circ}$ in C4-5, $56.2^{\circ}$ in C3-4). Conclusion The risk of causing injury by penetrating major vessels in the carotid sheath tends to increase at upper cervical levels. Therefore, prior to cervical TFESI, measuring the angle is necessary to avoid carotid vessels in the axial section of CT or MRI, thus contributing to a safer procedure.

Keywords

References

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