Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of bogie fairings on the snow reduction of a high-speed train bogie under crosswinds using a discrete phase method

  • Gao, Guangjun (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Zhang, Yani (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Zhang, Jie (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Xie, Fei (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Zhang, Yan (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Wang, Jiabin (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University)
  • Received : 2018.01.25
  • Accepted : 2018.03.23
  • Published : 2018.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper investigated the wind-snow flow around the bogie region of a high-speed train under crosswinds using a coupled numerical method of the unsteady Realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and discrete phase model (DPM). The flow features around the bogie region were discussed and the influence of bogie fairing height on the snow accumulation on the bogie was also analyzed. Here the high-speed train was running at a speed of 200 km/h in a natural environment with the crosswind speed of 15 m/s. The mesh resolution and methodology for CFD analysis were validated against wind tunnel experiments. The results show that large negative pressure occurs locally on the bottom of wheels, electric motors, gear covers, while the positive pressure occurs locally on those windward surfaces. The airflow travels through the complex bogie and flows towards the rear bogie plate, causing a backflow in the upper space of the bogie region. The snow particles mainly accumulate on the wheels, electric motors, windward sides of gear covers, side fairings and back plate of the bogie. Longer side fairings increase the snow accumulation on the bogie, especially on the back plate, side fairings and brake clamps. However, the fairing height shows little impact on snow accumulation on the upper region of the bogie. Compared to short side fairings, a full length side fairing model contributes to more than two times of snow accumulation on the brake clamps, and more than 20% on the whole bogie.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Central South University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Science Foundation of Hunan Province

References

  1. Anderson, J.D. (1995), Computational fluid dynamics: the basics with applications. McGraw-Hill, New York, US.
  2. ANSYS.16.0 Theory Guide (2014), ANSYS inc.
  3. Bettez, M. (2011). "Winter technologies for high speed rail", Sweden: Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
  4. Beyers, J.H.M., Sundsbo, P.A. and Harms, T.M. (2004), "Numerical simulation of three-dimensional, transient snow drifting around a cube", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92(9), 725-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.011
  5. Beyers, M. and Waechter, B. (2008), "Modeling transient snowdrift development around complex three-dimensional structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(10-11), 1603-1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.032
  6. Bocciolone, M., Cheli, F., Corradi, R., Muggiasca, S. and Tomasini, G. (2008), "Crosswind action on rail vehicles: Wind tunnel experimental analyses", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(5), 584-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.030
  7. Cao, Y., Huang, J. and Yin, J. (2016), "Numerical simulation of three-dimensional ice accretion on an aircraft wing", Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 92 34-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.08.027
  8. Casa, X.D.L., Paradot, N., Allain, E., Pauline, J., Delpech, P. and Bouchet, J.P. (2014), "A numerical modelling of the snow accumulation on a high-speed train", Proceedings of the International Conference in Numerical and Experimental Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles and Trains, Bordeaux, France, June.
  9. CEN European Standard (2013), "Railway Applications-Aerodynamics. Part 4: Requirements and Test Procedures for Aerodynamics on open track ", CEN EN 14067-4.
  10. Cross, D., Hughes, B., Ingham, D. and Ma, L. (2015), "A validated numerical investigation of the effects of high blockage ratio and train and tunnel length upon underground railway aerodynamics", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 146 195-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.09.004
  11. Fujii, T., Kawashima, K., Iikura, S., Endo, T. and Izunami, R. (2002), "Preventive measures against snow for high-speed train operation in Japan", Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering, Anchorage, Alaska, United States, May.
  12. Hwang, B.G., Lee, S., Lee, E.J., Kim, J.J., Kim, M., You, D. and Lee, S.J. (2016), "Reduction of drag in heavy vehicles with two different types of advanced side fairings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 155, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.04.009
  13. Mao, X.J. and He, K. (2016), "Cause analysis of snow packing in high-speed train's bogie regions and the anti-snow packing design", J. Cent. South Univ. (Science and Technology), (Accepted).
  14. Gordon, M., Savelyev, S. and Taylor, P.A. (2009), "Measurements of blowing snow, part II: Mass and number density profiles and saltation height at Franklin Bay, NWT, Canada", Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 55(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.07.001
  15. Gordon, M. and Taylor, P.A. (2009), "Measurements of blowing snow, Part I: Particle shape, size distribution, velocity, and number flux at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada", Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 55(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.05.001
  16. Jemt, T. (2009), "De-icing solution". International Railway Journal, January.
  17. Ross, F. (2009), "Beating the chill", International Railway Journal, January.
  18. Kim, M.S., Jang, D.U., Hong, J.S. and Kim, T. (2015), "Thermal modeling of railroad with installed snow melting system", Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 109 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.09.010
  19. Kloow, L. (2015), "High-speed train operation in winter climate (To Be Continued)", Foreign Rolling Stock, 52(1),1-10.
  20. Morsi, S.A. and Alexander, A.J. (1972), "An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems", J. Fluid Mech., 55(2), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112072001806
  21. Ni, J.R. and Li, Z.S. (2006), Wind blowing sand two-phase flow theory and its application., Science Press, Beijing.
  22. Niu, J.Q., Zhou, D., Liu, T.H. and Liang, X.F. (2017), "Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train", Veh. Syst. Dyn., 55(5), 681-703. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2016.1277769
  23. Paz, C., Suarez, E., Gil, C. and Concheiro, M. (2015), "Numerical study of the impact of windblown sand particles on a highspeed train", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 145, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.06.008
  24. Sato, T., Kosugi, K., Mochizuki, S. and Nemoto, M. (2008), "Wind speed dependences of fracture and accumulation of snowflakes on snow surface", Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 51(2-3), 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.05.004
  25. Thiis, T.K. (2000), "A comparison of numerical simulations and full-scale measurements of snowdrifts around buildings", Wind Struct., 3(2), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2000.3.2.073
  26. Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A., Okaze, T., Sato, T., Nemoto, M., Motoyoshi, H., Nakai, S., Tsutsumi, T., Otsuki, M., Uamatsu, T. and Yoshino, H. (2011), "Development of a system for predicting snow distribution in built-up environments: Combining a mesoscale meteorological model and a CFD model", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 99(4), 460-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.12.004
  27. Wang, J., Zhang, J., Xie, F., Zhang, Y. and Gao, G. (2018), "A study of snow accumulating on the bogie and the effects of deflectors on the de-icing performance in the bogie region of a high-speed train", Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 148, 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.01.010
  28. Xie, F., Zhang, J., Gao, G., He, K., Zhang, Y. and Wang, J. (2017), "Study of snow accumulation on a high-speed train's bogies based on the discrete phase model", J. Appl. Fluid Mech., 10(6), 1729-1745. https://doi.org/10.29252/jafm.73.245.27410
  29. Zhang, J., Wang, J.B., Wang, Q.X., Xiong, X.H. and Gao, G.J. (2018), "A study of the influence of bogie cut outs' angles on the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.175, 153-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.01.041
  30. Zhang, T., Xia, H. and Guo, W.W. (2013), "Analysis on running safety of train on bridge with wind barriers subjected to cross wind", Wind Struct.,17(2), 203-225. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.17.2.203
  31. Zhao, L., Yu, Z.X., Zhu, F., Qi, X. and Zhao, S.C. (2016), "CFDDEM modeling of snowdrifts on stepped flat roofs", Wind Struct., 23(6), 523-542. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.23.6.523
  32. Zhou, X. and Li, X. (2010), "Simulation of snow drifting on roof surface of terminal building of an airport", Disaster Adv., 3(1), 42-50.
  33. Zhu, J.Y. and Hu, Z.W. (2017), "Flow between the train underbody and trackbed around the bogie area and its impact on ballast flight", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 166, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.03.009
  34. Zhu, J.Y., Hu, Z.W. and Thompson, D.J. (2016), "Flow behaviour and aeroacoustic characteristics of a simplified high-speed train bogie", Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F-J. Rail Rapid Transit., 230(7), 1642-1658. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409715605129

Cited by

  1. Optimization of the anti-snow performance of a high-speed train based on passive flow control vol.30, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.30.4.325
  2. Wind-sand coupling movement induced by strong typhoon and its influences on aerodynamic force distribution of the wind turbine vol.30, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.30.4.433