DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Minnesota Project - Rebuilding Seoul National University's Architectural Engineering Department and the Formation of U.S.-Oriented Architectural Academia, 1954-1962 -

미네소타 프로젝트 - 서울대학교 건축공학과의 재건과 미국 지향 건축학계의 형성, 1954-1962 -

  • Park, Dongmin (Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 박동민 (서울대학교 규장각 한국학연구원)
  • Received : 2018.04.23
  • Accepted : 2018.08.23
  • Published : 2018.09.30

Abstract

The United States understood the fostering of pro-U.S. elites in "free world" countries as an important Cold War weapon. From 1954 to 1962, the U.S provided considerable assistance to Seoul National University (SNU) for its postwar rehabilitation and future development in terms of repair and construction of campus buildings, equipment and book purchases, and faculty exchanges. With the aid of this educational assistance project widely known as the Minnesota Project, SNU was reborn with an academic orientation to the U.S., separating itself from the Japanese education that was its origin. This study argues that the Minnesota Project played an important role in crafting SNU's architecture program and the exchange program's recipients as key "knowledge brokers." For individual trainees, experience in the U.S., as opposed to a backwards situation in their homeland, had allowed them to recognize the U.S. as an ideal source of knowledge. Since the Minnesota Project, SNU's Architectural Engineering Department was filled with faculty members who had trained or studied in the U.S., which became a significant distinction of SNU's architecture program in sharp contrast to its counterparts at Hanyang University and Hongik University where most of the faculty members studied in Japan during the Japanese colonial period. As many graduates of SNU had been appointed as faculty members in newly-founded architecture programs in South Korea, a hierarchical diffusion path had emerged in architectural education that led from SNU to other school's architecture programs, with the U.S. at the apex. The legacy of the Minnesota Project extended over the next few decades, in which studying architecture in the U.S. was recognized as a shortcut to success in the field.

Keywords

References

  1. Alofsin, A. (2002). The Struggle for Modernism, New York, W.W. Norton, 156-157.
  2. An, Y. (2002). The teacher who taught life after retirement. In Memoir in celebration of the 80th birthday of Professor Buk-am Kim Hyung-gul (pp. 102-106), Seoul, Kimundang.
  3. Babbitt, H. E. (1961). Final report of adviser in engineering. Box 64, Central Files Records, University Archives, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. [henceforth, Univ. of Minn. Archives]
  4. Basic FOA policy on university contracts. (c. 1955). Box 82, College of Agriculture records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  5. Boyd, R. (April 1969). Australia square, Architectural Forum, 130(3), 26-35.
  6. Bronfenbrenner, M. (1961). Academic encounter: The American university in Japan and Korea, New York, Free Press of Glencoe, 163-208.
  7. Close, W. A. (1954, June 1). School of Architecture report to Institute of Technology faculty, pp. 13-14. Box 3, School of Architecture papers, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  8. Contract between the government of the United States of America and the university of Minnesota. (c. 1954). Box 62, Central Files Records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  9. FOA biographical data. (c. 1955). Box 1, Clyde H. Bailey papers, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  10. Graffunder, C. (1954, October 27). Letter to Athelstan Spilhaus. In folder ICA, Korean Advisory Committee, Box 64, Central Files Records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  11. Graffunder, C. (1955a, September 9). Architect accepts U.N. job in Korea, Minneapolis Star. Box 1, Scrapbook Collection, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  12. Graffunder, C. (1955b, December 1). The Architectural Engineering Department of the College of Engineering of Seoul National University of Korea: A report by Carl Graffunder, Box 65, Central Files Records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  13. Hanyang Academy, Compilation Committee. (1989). Half a century of Hanyang Academy, Seoul, Hanyang University Press, 88-118.
  14. ICA. (1957). Technical cooperation through American universities, Washington D.C., Office of Public Reports. Box 81, College of Agriculture records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  15. Jang, W. (2007). The technology and stylistic expression of the Joung-Su Kim: A Korean architect's work, Ph.D. Dissertation, Yonsei University.
  16. Kim, H. (1967). The imperfections of building law, Korean Architects, 2(4), 27-29.
  17. Kim, H. (1968). Back grounds of American architectural history, Korean Architects, 3(7), 30-36.
  18. Kim, J., Kim, C. & Yoon, J. (1961). Symposium: Problems of modern architecture in Korea, Hyeon-dae Architecture, No. 4, 20-30.
  19. Kim, J. (1963). Contemporary architecture and science, Architecture, 7(2), 3-4.
  20. Kim, J. (1985). A big witness of Korean modern architecture. In Essays in celebration of the 70th birthday of Professor Woogok Kim Hi-Choon (pp. 76-84). Seoul, Saerom Publishing Company.
  21. Kim, M. (2009). A study on cooperation in the field of higher education in the 1950s-The case of SNU-UMN project, Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University.
  22. Kim, O. & Hwang S. (2000). The Minnesota project- the influence of American medicine on the development of medical education and medical research in postwar Korea, Korean Journal of Medical History, 9(1), 112- 123.
  23. Kim, S. & Ahn C. (2008). Kim Jong Soo Works, Seoul, Space, 194-196.
  24. Korean Advisory Committee. (1956, January 24). The minutes of a meeting on January 23, 1956. Box 82, College of Agriculture records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  25. Korean-American Technical Cooperation Assoc. (1970). Participant directory, 1954-1970. Seoul, Korean-American Technical Cooperation Association.
  26. Lee, K. (2015). Talk: Architectural life of Professor Lee Kwangro. In Muae Lee Kwangro: The architectural works (pp. 296-303). Seoul, Monthly Art.
  27. Lee, W. (2006). The influence of Minnesota project on the Korean medical education, Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University.
  28. Mindrum, B. (1957, April 15). Seoul-Minnesota's adopted sister, The Ivory Tower, 58(128), 5-6, 16. Box 81, College of Agriculture records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  29. Ministry of Education, ROK & USOM/Korea. (1960, May). Report on survey of national higher education in the Republic of Korea. Box 64, Central Files Records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  30. Note on Chung-Sup Yoon. (n.d.). Box 1, Clyde H. Bailey papers, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  31. Note on Hi-Choon Kim. (n.d.). Box 1, Clyde H. Bailey papers, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  32. Note on Jong-Soo Kim. (n..d.). Box 1, Clyde H. Bailey papers, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  33. Park, D. (2016). Free world, cheap buildings: U.S. hegemony and the origins of modern architecture in South Korea, 1953-1960, Ph.D. Dissertation, UC Berkeley, 102-131.
  34. Rogers, E. M. (1962/2003). Diffusion of innovations, New York, Free Press, 204-206.
  35. Ryu, J. (1993). A study on the formation and characteristics of modern academic systems in architectural education, Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University, 136-168.
  36. Seoul National University, College of Engineering, Compilation Committee. (1997). The 50-year history of SNU, college of engineering, Seoul, SNU, College of Engineering, 8-32, 611-616, 649-690.
  37. Seoul National University, Compilation Committee. (1976). The 30-year history of SNU, 1946-1976, Seoul, SNU Press, 652-655.
  38. Seoul National University, Compilation Committee. (1996). The 50-year history of SNU, 1946-1996, Vol. 1, Seoul, SNU Press, 3-59, 88-98.
  39. Staff resume: Ralph Rapson. (n.d.). In file Ralph Rapson, Information Files Collection, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  40. Technical Training Branch, USOM/Korea. (1962). Evaluation Survey of the ROK/U.S. Participant Training Program, 1955-1960, Seoul: USOM/Korea, 1-12.
  41. Tyler, T. F. (1956, January 19). Re: Permission to employ college level advisers [Letter to J. Russell Andrus], p.1. Box 82, College of Agriculture records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  42. University of Minnesota. (1955). Bulletin of the University of Minnesota, Institute of Technology, 1955-1957. Retrieved April 20, 2018 from https://conservancy.umn.edu
  43. University of Minnesota. (1962, June 30). The fifteenth and final report to the agency for international development. Retrieved April 20, 2018 from https://conservancy.umn.edu
  44. Univ. of Minn. News Service. (1962, June 26). Staff returning home-'U' rebuilding project at Korean university comes to close. Box 1, Office of the Vice President for Academic Administration Records, Univ. of Minn. Archives.
  45. Yonsei University, Dept. of Arch., Compilation Committee. (1988). The 30-year history of Yonsei architecture, Seoul, Yonsei Univ., Dept. of Arch., 17-19.
  46. Yoon, C. (1994). Reminiscence of architectural lessons. In On the way of life (pp. 190-193), Seoul, Kimundang.
  47. Yoo, E. (2012). Globalization, power and knowledge production in South Korea, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota.
  48. Yoon, J. (1968). City Planning Committee's present conditions and suggestions, Urban Problems, 3(12), 48-56.
  49. Yoon, J. (1969). Australian square redevelopment, Korean Architects, 4(13), 24-28.
  50. Yoon, J. (1985). My encounters with architecture. Architecture, 29(126), 15-16.