References
- AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1995. Official method of analysis (16th ed.). AOAC, Washington. D.C., USA.
- Atmaca G. 2004. Antioxidant effects of sulfur-containing amino acid. Yonsei Medical Journal 45:776-788. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2004.45.5.776
- Baker DH, Blitenthal RC, Boebel KP, Czarnecki GL, Southern LL, Wilis GM. 1981. Protein-amino acid evaluation of steam-processed feather meal. Poultry Science 60:1865-1872. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0601865
- Brandelli A, Sala L, Kalil SJ. 2015. Microbial enzymes for bioconversion of poultry waste into added-value products. Food Resources International 73:3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.015
- Brugos A, Floyed JI, Stephenson EL. 1974. The amino acid content and availability of different samples of poultry by-products meal, and feather meal. Poultry Science 53:198-203. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0530198
- Chorazyk D, Pudlo A, Trojan-Piegza J, Piegza M, Kancelista A, Kurzawa A, Zuk I, Kopec W, Laba W. 2016. Enzymatic degradation of pretreated pig bristles with crude keratinase of Bacillus cereus PCM 2849. Waste and Biomass Valorization 8:527-537.
- Dale N. 1992. True metabolizable energy of feather meal. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 1:331-334. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/1.3.331
- Gachango FG, Ekmann KS, Frorup J, Pedersen SM. 2017. Use of pig by-products (bristles and hooves) as alternative protein raw material in fish feed: A feasibility study. Aquaculture 479:265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.029
- Gonzalo M, Jespersen CM, Jensen K, Stoier S, Meinert L. 2016. Pig bristles-an underestimated biomass resource. 62nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Proc. Bangkok, Thailand.
- Go TH, Lee SM, Cho KS, Lee YR, Park SY, Jang EY, Jeong SY, Son HJ. 2014. Characteristics of bacteria-originated keratinase for feather waste treatment. Journal of Environmental. Science International 23:1095-1100. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.6.1095
- Gousterova A, Braikova D, Goshev I, Christov P, Tishinov K, Vasileva-Tonkova E, Haertle T, Nedkov P. 2005. Degradation of keratin and collagen containing wastes by newly isolated thermoactinomycetes or by alkaline hydrolysis. Letters in Applied Microbiology 40:335-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01692.x
- Gradisar H, Kern S, Friedrich J. 2000. Keratinase of Doratomyces microsporus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 53:196-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050008
- Gupta S, Nigam A, Singh R. 2015. Purification and characterization of a Bacillus subtilis keratinase and its prospective application in feed industry. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 59:197-204.
- Hertrampf JW, Piedad-Pascual F. 2000. Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. pp. 322-324. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Messachusetts, USA.
- KAPE (Korea institute for animal products quality evaluation). 2017. Livestock products marketing in Korea. p. 218. KAPE, Sejong, Korea.
- Kornegay ET. 1978. Protein digestibility of hydrolyzed hog hair meal for pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 3:323-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(78)90006-8
- Kornegay ET, Thomas HR. 1973. Evaluation of hydrolyzed hog hair meal as a protein source for swine. Journal of Animal Science 36:279-284. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1973.362279x
- Kornillowicz-Kowalska T, Bohacz J. 2011. Biodegradation of keratin waste: Theory and practical aspects. Waste Manage 31:1689-1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.03.024
- Laba W, Chorazyk PA, Trojan-Piegza J, Piegza M, Kancelista A, Kurzawa A, Zuk I, Kopec W. 2017. Enzymatic degradation of pretreated pig bristles with crude keratinase of Bacillus cereus PCM 2849. Waste Biomass Valor 8:527-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9603-4
- Lee BK, Han IK, Ha JK, Lee YS. 1988. Studies on the measurement of amino acid availability in feedstuffs by forced feeding with rooster. Korean Journal of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs 12:18-27.
- Lee NH. 1979. Utilization of swine bristle as a protein resources in broiler and grower diet. Poultry 7:47-51. [in Korean]
- Mass A, Mass R, Klopfenstein TJ, Jordan DJ. 1999. Hog hair meal as a protein source for ruminants. p. 415. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports.
- NIAS (National Institute of Animal Science). 2012. Korean feeding standard for poultry. NIAS, RDA, Wanju, Korea.
- Oh HM, Park NS, Jo CH, Kim SB, Lim JS, Lee BD, Lee SK. 2011. Effects of dietary protein of hog hair on the nutrients metabolism in poultry. CNU Journal of Agricultural Science 38:651-657.
- Onifade AA, Al-Sane NA, Al-Musallam AA, Al-Zarban S. 1998. Potentials for biotechnological applications of keratin-degrading microorganisms and their enzymes for nutritional improvement of feathers and other keratins as livestock feed resources. Bioresources and Technology 66:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00033-9
- Summers JD, Leeson S. 1978. Utilization of processed pig hair in poultry diet. Animal feed science and technology 3:243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(78)90032-9
- Wang B. 2016. Keratin: Structure, mechanical properties, occurrence in biological organisms, and efforts at bioinspiration. Progress in Materials Science 76:229-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.06.001
- Wang X, Parsons CM. 1997. Effect of processing systems on protein quality of feather meals and hog hair meals. Poultry Science 76:491-496. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.3.491
- Windholz M, Budavari S, Blumetti RF, Otterbein EO. 1983. The MERCK index. MERCK & CO. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
- Wolber F, McGrath M, Jacson F, Wylie K, Broomfield A. 2016. Cystic acid in dietary keratin is metabolized to glutathione and liver taurine in a rat model of human digestion. Nutrients 8:104-110. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020104