벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제13권4호
  • /
  • Pages.217-231
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

ICT중소기업의 기업가정신과 혁신역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 사회적 자본의 조절효과 분석을 중심으로

A Study on the Effects of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Competence on Firm's Performance in Korean ICT SMEs: Focusing on Moderating Effect of Social Capital

  • 투고 : 2018.03.19
  • 심사 : 2018.08.27
  • 발행 : 2018.08.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

우리나라의 중소기업은 국가경제의 근간을 이루고 있으며, 고용창출, 기술혁신, 산업의 다양성 등 여러 측면에서 국민경제 발전에 있어서 실질적인 원동력이 되고 있다. 하지만, 대기업에 비해 낮은 생산성과 수익구조 등으로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 중소기업은 기술혁신을 통해서 혁신역량을 확보하는 것이 더욱더 중요해졌으며, 내부자원의 한계로 인해 경영에 필요한 다양한 정보와 여러 가지 도움들을 외부와의 협력과 다양한 네트워크 활동이 필요하다. 더 나아가서 시장기회를 포착하고 조직 성장을 위한 수단들을 찾기 위한 수단으로 기업가 정신 또한 필요하다. 본 연구는 ICT중소기업의 기업 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 있어 기업가정신과 기업의 혁신역량이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 했으며, 사회적 자본이 기업가 정신과 기업 성과 간의 조절역할을 하는지 살펴보고자 1,200개 기업을 대상으로 실증 분석을 했다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가 정신은 기업성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인됐으며, 사회적 자본 변수가 기업가 정신과 기업성과 간의 조절효과가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 기업의 혁신역량이 기업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 사회적 자본 변수가 조절효과를 한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해, 혁신역량이 기업성과에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 사회적 자본이 중요한 역할을 하고 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

In Korea, small and medium sized domestic enterprises(SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.8% of all enterprises, 87.9% of total employment, and 48.3% of production. and SMEs were driving a real force of the development of national economy in many respects such as innovation, job creation, industrial diversity, balanced regional development. Despite their crucial role in the national development, most of SMEs suffer from a lack of R&D capabilities and equipments as well as funding capacity. Government-Supported Research Institute(GRI) can provide SMEs with valuable supplementary technological knowledges and help them build technological capacities. so, In order to effectively support SMEs, government and GRI must be a priority to know about the factors influencing the performance related to technology transfer and technological collaborations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Innovative competences and CEO's entrepreneurship on Organizational performance in ICT small and medium enterprises, including the moderating effect of Social capital. This study adopted research variables such as Innovative competence, CEO's entrepreneurship as independent variables, with Organizational performance as a dependent variable, including the moderating variable of Social capital. 1,200 companies data which in the field of ICT SMEs were collected from the survey. The result of this empirical study is summarized as follows, First, CEO's entrepreneurship was confirmed to have a significant effect on organizational performance, and social capital variables were confirmed to have a moderating effect between entrepreneurship and organizational performance. Second, it was found that the company's Innovative competence was significantly affected the organizational performance. and also that social capital variables moderating effects. From these findings, it was confirmed that the Innovatibe competence plays an important role in influencing corporate performance.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahn, C. S., & Lee, Y. D.(2011). An Empirical Analysis of the Influence Factors on Open Innovation Activities in Korea, Journal of Korea Technology Innovation society, 14(3), 431-465.
  2. Albert, S., Ashforth, B. E., & Dutton, J. E.(2000). Organizational identity and identification: Charting new waters and building new bridges, Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791600
  3. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y.(1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  4. Barney, J. B.(1991). Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  5. Burgelman, R., Christensen, C., & Wheelwright, S.(2009). Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, New York: McGraw Hill Irwin.
  6. Burns, T., & Stalker, G. M.(1961). The Management of Innovation, London: Tavistock Publishing.
  7. Camison, C., & Lopez, A. V.(2010). An examination of the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and firm performance, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(8), 853-878. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571011068199
  8. Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.(1993). Measuring the performance of emerging busiesses: A validation study, Journal of Business Venturing, 8(5), 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-V
  9. Chesbrough, H. W.(2003). OPEN INNOVATION: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press.
  10. Cho, B. K & Kim, S. H.(2016). The Impact of Social Capital on Open Innovation and New Product Development Performance, Journal of the Korean Production and Operations Management Society, 27(3), 383-405.
  11. Choi, J. Y.(2015). Relationship Analysis among Entrepreneurship, Innovation Capability, External Cooperation, and Technological Innovation Performance for Venture Companies, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business and Venturing, 10(5), 219-231.
  12. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A.(1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  13. Coleman, J. S.(1998). Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard University Press. Cambridge. MA.
  14. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments, Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
  15. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1991). A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 16(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879101600102
  16. De Clercq, D., Thingpapanl, N., & Dimov, D.(2009). When good conflict gets better and bad conflict becomes worse: The role of social capital in the conflict-innovation relationship, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 37(3), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0122-0
  17. Dess, G. G., & Lumpkin, G. T.(2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship, Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), 147-156.
  18. Dess, G. G., & Robison, R. B.(1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absences of objective measures: The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit, Strategy Management Journal, 5(1), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050306
  19. Fornell, C., & D. F. Larcker.(1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  20. Frenz, M., & Ietto-Gillies, G.(2009). The Impact on Innovation Performance of Different Sources of Knowledge: Evidince from the UK Community Innovation Survey, Research Policy, 38(7), 1125-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.05.002
  21. Frishammar, J., & S. A. Horte.(2007). The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(6), 765-788. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320701711231
  22. Gonzalez-Benito, O., Gonzalez-Benito, J., & Munoz-Gallego. P. A.(2009). Role of entrepreneurship and market orientation in firms' success, European Journal of Marketing, 43(3/4), 500-522. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910935550
  23. Granovetter, M.(1992). Problems of Explanation in Economic Sociology, In N. Nohria & R.Eccles (Eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action: 25-56. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  24. Grimpe, C., & Sofka, W.(2009). Search Patterns and Absorptive Capacity: Low and High Technology sectors in European Countries, Research Policy, 38(3), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.006
  25. Guan, J., & Ma, N.(2003). Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms, Technovation, 23(9), 737-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00013-5
  26. Guan, J., Yam, R. Mok, C. K., & Ma, N.(2006). A study of the relationship between competitiveness and technological innovation capability based on DEA models, European Journal of Operational Research, 170(1), 971-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.054
  27. Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V.(1984). Business unit strategy, managerial characteristics, and business unit effectiveness at strategy implementation, Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/255955
  28. Hayduk(1987). L. A., Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
  29. Hong, S. H.(2000). The Criteria for Selecting Appropriate Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling and Their Rationales, Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 161-177.
  30. Huh, M. G.(2011). Social Capital, Knowledge Creation, and Innovation, Korean Academy of Management, 19(1), 41-78.
  31. Hwang, J. H.(2010). The conceptual study on relationship between social network, social capital, and knowledge transfer, Business Administration Research Institute, 3(1), 81-104.
  32. KBIZ(2016). Status of SMEs in 2016, Seoul, KBIZ.
  33. Kim, S. K., Chang, B. Y., Lee, Y. J., Song, J. K., Ahn, D. H., Lee, K. H., & Choi, J. S.(2008). Open Innovation: Theory, Practices, and Policy Implications, STEPI.
  34. Kim, M. S.(2012). Knowledge-based company's technology innovation strategy and case analysis in semiconductor IP industry, Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 15(3), 500-532.
  35. KOVA(2016). Survey Report on SMEs of ICT Business, Seoul.
  36. Laursen, K., & Salter, A.(2006). Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms, Strategic Management Journal, 27(1), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.507
  37. Lee, Y. H., Kim, A. K., You, H. G., & Kim, M. R.(2007). Social Capital and Human Resource Management, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Seoul
  38. Leiponen, A., & Helfat, C. E.(2010). Innovation Objectives, Knowledge Sources, and the Benefits of Breadth, Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.807
  39. Li, Y., Y. Zhao, J. Tan, & Y. Liu(2008). Moderating effects of entrepreneurial orientation on market orientation-performance linkage: Evidence from chinese small firms, Journal of Business Management, 46(1), 113-133.
  40. Li, Y., H. Chen, Y. Liu & M. W. Peng(2014). Managerial Ties, Organizational Learning, and Opportunity Capture: A Social Capital Perspective, Asia Pacipic Journal of Management, 31(1), 271-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9330-8
  41. Lipparini, A., & Sobrero, M.(1994). The glue and the pieces: Entrepreneurship and innovation in small-firm networks, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90005-1
  42. Lowe, J. & Taylor, P.(1998). R&D and technology purchase through licence agreements: complementary strategies and complementary assets, R&D Management, 28(4), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00103
  43. Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G.(1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568
  44. Inkpen, A. C. & Tsang, E. W. K.(2005). Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer, Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146-165 https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281445
  45. Middle, H.(2008). Collaborative Improvement: Action Learning in the Extended Manufacturing Enterprise. An Action Learning Approach, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Enschede.
  46. Moon, H. S., & Park, J. B.(2014). R&D alliance performance Promoting Technology Commercialization in the Korean Private Sector, Issue Paper, kiet.
  47. Moon, T. S., & Choi, S. M.(2009). The Influence of Core Competence on Organizational Performance of Domestic Small and Medium Enterprise and the Moderating Effect of Technology Transfer, Journal of Information System, 18(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5859/KAIS.2009.18.4.001
  48. Morris, M. H. & G. W. Paul(1987). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90012-7
  49. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S.(1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage, The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225
  50. Oerlemans, L. A. G., Meeus, M. T. H., & Boekema, F. W. M.(1998). Do networks matter for innovation? the usefulness of the economic network appoarch in analysing innovation, Tijdschrift Voor Economishe en Sociale Geografie, 89(3), 298-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00029
  51. Oke, A., Burke, G., & Myers, A.(2007). Innovation types and performance in growing UK SMEs, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 27(7), 735-753. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570710756974
  52. Park, J. K., & Lee, S. B.(2017). A Study on Effect of Technological Innovation Activities on Innovation Performance in Firms : Focused on the Moderating Effect of Innovation Resistance and Performance, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business and Venturing, 12(5), 89-99.
  53. Park, W., Kim, E. J., & Park, H. Y.(2016). An Empirical Analysis of the Influence Factors on Private-Public R&D Collaboration of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in ICT Sector, Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 38(2), 25-44.
  54. Park, H. B., Kang., J. S., & Kim, S. M.(2003). The Creation of Social Capital and Intellectual Capital, and their Effects on Organizational Performance Management, The Korea Public Administration Journal, 12(1), 3-35.
  55. Putnam, R. D.(1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital, Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002
  56. Robert, L.(2009). Social Capital and Business and Management: Setting a Research Agenda, International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(3), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00244.x
  57. Rogers, M.(2004). Networks, Firm Size and Innovation, Small Business Economics, 22(1), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000014451.99047.69
  58. Roh, D. H., Hwang, K. H., & Park, H. Y.(2017). The impact of open innovation activities on performance of Korean IT SMEs.Venture: Technology Transfer Experiences and Technological Collaborations, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business and Venturing, 12(1), 33-46.
  59. Sahin, I.(2010). Organizational Social Capital and Perceived Performance of Drug Law Enforcement Departments: A Case Study in Turkey, doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida.
  60. Sapinza, H. J., Smih, K. G., & Gannon, M. J.(1988). Using subjective evaluations of organizational performance in small business research. American Journal of Small Business, 12(3), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878801200304
  61. Sung, T. K.(2002). The determinants of the firm's decision to carry out innovative activities in trems of the resource-based view(RBV) in strategic management, Journal of Technology Innovation, 10(2), 69-90.
  62. Sexton., D. R., & Bowman. N. B.(1986). Validation of Personality Index: Comparative Psychological Characteristic Analysis of Female Entrepreneurs, Managers, Entrepreneurship Student, and Business Students, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Wellesley, MA, Babson College
  63. SMBA(2014). Overview of Budget and Fund in 2014, Seoul. SMBA.
  64. KBIZ(2016). Yearly Report, Seoul. KBIZ.
  65. Spann, M. S., Adams, M., & Souder, W. E.(1993). Improving Federal Technology Commercialization: Some Recommendations From A Field Study, Journal of Technology Transfer, 18(3), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174805
  66. Stam, W. & Elfring, T.(2008). Entrepreneurial Orientation and New Venture Performance: The Moderating Role of Intra- And Extraindustry Social Capital, Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.30744031
  67. Stevenson, H. H., & J. C. Jarillo(1990). A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship : Entrepreneurial Management, Strategic Management Journal, 11(4), 17-27.
  68. Tsai, W,. & Ghoshal, S.(1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intra-firm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464-476 https://doi.org/10.2307/257085
  69. Tsai, W.(2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance, Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996-1004. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069443
  70. Van Zyl, H. J. C., & B. Mathur-Helm.(2007). Exploring a conceptual model, based on the combined effects of entrepreneurial leadership, market orientation and relationship marketing orientation on south Africa's small tourism business performance, South African Journal of Business Management, 38(2), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v38i2.580
  71. Van de Vrande, V., De Jong, J. P., Vanhaverbeke, W., & De Rochemont, M. (2009). Open innovation in SMEs: Trends, motives and management challenges. Technovation, 29(6-7), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2008.10.001
  72. Wang, C., Lu, I., & Chen, C.(2008). Evaluating firm technological innovation capability under uncertainty, Technovation, 28(6), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.10.007
  73. Wang, X., & Jessup L.(2014), A review and synthesis of entrepreneurship research: Towards an integrative model of dependent variables, Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(2), 163-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355714535303
  74. Wiklund, J.(1999). The Sustainability of the Entrepreneurial Orientation-performance Relationship, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902400103
  75. Yam, R. C., Guan, J. C., Pun, K. F., & Tang, E. P. (2004). An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China. Research Policy, 33(8), 1123-1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.05.004
  76. Yoo, H. L., & Park, S. J.(2007). A Study on the Performance Analysis of Supporting Policy for SMEs R&D: Focused on the Industry-University-Institute Consortium Program, Korean Public Administration Quarterly, 19(1), 171-196.
  77. You, Y. Y., & Roh, J. W.(2010). The Analysis for the determinant Factors on the Outcome of Technology Innovation Among Small and Medium Manufacturers, The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies, 15(1), 61-87.
  78. You, J. E.(2015). The Mediating Effect of Collective-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Social Capital and Organizational Commitment in Business Enterprises, BA, Hanyang University, 2015
  79. Yoon, H. D., & Seo, R. B.(2011). A Study of the Core Factors Affecting the Performance of Technology Management of Inno-Biz SMEs, Journal of Technology Innovation, 19(1), 111-144.
  80. Yun, H. J., Lee, K. M., & Lee, C. W.(2012). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance of Korean Business Ventures: Moderating Effects of Industry Dynamism and Alliance Diversity, The Journal of Small Business Innovation, 15(2), 23-44.
  81. Zahra, S. A., & George, G.(1999). Manufacturing strategy and new venture performance: A comparison of independent and corporate ventures in the biotechnology industry. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2), 313-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1047-8310(99)00012-7