Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Fear on Business

대학생의 기업가정신과 창업의도와의 관계 연구: 창업실패두려움의 매개효과를 중심으로

  • Received : 2018.07.10
  • Accepted : 2018.08.28
  • Published : 2018.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research was implemented to check what effects entrepreneurship have on the entrepreneurial intention verify the emotional factor 'Fear on Business' in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. Above all, in the study Health Belief Model was applied to research into emotional factors, such as 'Fear on Business'. Specifically, it was performed to check what effects 'Fear on Business' has on the entrepreneurial intention and to see if there are any mediating effects between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. To achieve the research purposes above, the students who took a business start-up and entrepreneurship related course were surveyed (all 356); and research findings were produced. To summarize the findings, entrepreneurship did influence the entrepreneurial intention significantly. In addition, entrepreneurship significantly influenced 'Fear on Business'. And 'Fear on Business' significantly influenced the EI; it turned out that 'Fear on Business' plays a mediating role between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. From these result, it is thought that programs or policies for reducing 'Fear on Business' are needed. Finally, because entrepreneurship can affect the entrepreneurial intention through the medium of 'Fear on Business', it is thought that the government's effort to create a social atmosphere is needed to overcome 'Fear on Business'.

본 연구는 기업가정신 수업을 수강하고 있는 대학생들의 기업가정신 구성요소가 창업실패두려움을 매개로 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 연구모형을 검증하기 위해 K대, S여대, S대, H대 등 서울 소재 4개 대학교의 기업가정신 교육과정 참가 대학생 356명의 설문을 분석했다. 변수간의 관계에 대한 연구모형의 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증하기 위해 요인분석 및 상관관계 분석을 실시하였고, 가설의 검증을 위해 회귀분석 및 매개효과분석을 사용하여 실증분석을 실시했다. 연구 결과, 기업가정신 구성요소는 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을, 창업실패두려움은 창업의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창업실패두려움은 기업가정신 구성요소 일부와 창업의도 사이를 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 연구결과에 따라 미래에 주도적으로 본인의 진로를 개척하며 미래성장을 이끌어갈 대학생의 창업 활성화를 위해서 기업가정신 구성요소를 강화할 수 있는 다양한 기회를 제공해야 한다. 그리고 창업실패두려움을 낮출 수 있도록 스타트업 현장을 체험할 기회를 주어 창업에 대한 막연한 두려움을 낮추고 창업함에 발생하는 기회비용으로 창업을 두려워하지 않도록 재학 중 창업경험을 대외적으로 인정되고 취업 등에 활용할 수 있는 자산으로 인정할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ajzen, I.(1991). The theory of planned behavior, Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90031-N
  2. Arenius, P., & Minniti, M.(2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1984-x
  3. Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M., & Ulfstedt, T.(1997). Entrepreneurial intent among students: Testing an intent model in Asia, Scandinavia and USA., Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 17, Babson College/Kauffman entrepreneurship research conference, Wellesley: Babson College.
  4. Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M., Parker, G. G. C., & Hay, M.(2001). Entrepreneurial Intent among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA, Enterprise & Innovation Management Studies, 2(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/14632440110094632
  5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A.(1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  6. Bird, B.(1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention, Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
  7. Choi, H. L., & Ha, K. S.(2012). Factors affecting startup intention of retired office-workers, Journal of Digital Convergence, 10(9), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2012.10.9.195
  8. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1989). New venture strategic posture, structure, and performance: An industry life cycle analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, 5(1), 123-135.
  9. Crant, J. M.(1996). The Proactive Personality Scale as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions, Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3), 42-49.
  10. Davidsson, P.(1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions, Paper presented at the Paper prepared for the RENT IX Workshop, Piacenza, Italy, 23-24.
  11. Ha, K. S., & Yoon, B. J.(2011). Recognition of Business Failure and Sucess of Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students, The Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 12(8), 3406-3414. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.8.3406
  12. Hayes, A. F.(2013). Methodology in the social sciences. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  13. Joe, S. E., Shin, H, C., Yoo, S. E., & Oh, H, S.(2012). The Study of Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Preventive Behavior Intentions: An Extension of HBM with Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Fear, Journal of Public Relations, 16(1), 148-177. https://doi.org/10.15814/jpr.2012.16.1.148
  14. Joe, Y. J.(2014). A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurship of Entrepreneurial Intentions : Focused on the Mediating Effects of University Entrepreneurship Education Satisfaction, Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(11), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.11.197
  15. Jeon, H. Y.(2016). Current Status and Implications of Domestic and Foreign Startup Companies, VIP Report, 654, Seoul, Hyundai Research Institute.
  16. Jeong, D. Y., & Kim, J. H.(2016). The Effect of Perceived Threat for Entrepreneurial Failure on the Entrepreneurial Intention Mediated by Fear on Business, Korean Association of Business Education, 31(4), 571-590.
  17. Kim, J. G.(2016). An Empirical Study on Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Mediating Effect of Participating in the Venture Contest, Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Industrial & Entrepreneurial Management Ho-Seo Venture University.
  18. Kim, J. G., & Yang, D. W.(2016). An Empirical study on Relationship between the Entrepreneurship of Undergraduate Student and Entrepreneurial Intention : Focused on the Motivation for Participating in the Start-up Idea Contest as a Mediator, The Korea Contents Society, 16(4), 477-487.
  19. Kim, J. H.(2016). The Effect of Evaluation Factors for Entrepreneurial Failure on the Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Mediating Effects of Fear on Business and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Industrial & Entrepreneurial Management Soong-Sil University.
  20. Kang, M. K.(2018). The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention to Start a Start-Up: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Global Mindset and Fear of Entrepreneurial Failure, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Management University of Seoul.
  21. Kim, S. J., Han, J. W., & Lee, S. M.(2016). The Effects of Fear of Failure Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intentions of Startup Business Candidate, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 49-61.
  22. Kim, Y. J., Kwon. Y. K., & Yoon, H. H.(2014). A Study on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention of College.University Students, Journal of Foodservice Management, 17(2), 7-26.
  23. Korea entrepreneurship foundation(2017). 2017 Survey on Entrepreneurship, Retrieved (2018.07.01.) from http://www.koef.or.kr/koef/dwccs/board/BoardList.do?H_MENU_CD=100203&L_MENU_CD=10020306&SITE_ID=KOEF&MENUON=Y&BOARD_ID=6
  24. Krueger, N. F.(1993a). Growing Up Entrepreneurial?: Developmental Consequences of Early Exposure to Entrepreneurship, Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 52, 80-84.
  25. Krueger, N. F. & Brazeal, D. V.(1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18(3), 91-104.
  26. Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud, A. L.(2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions, Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  27. Lee, H. W.(2014). Review of Methods for Testing Mediating Effects in Recent HRD Research, The Korean Journal of Human Resource Development, 16(3), 225-249. https://doi.org/10.18211/kjhrdq.2014.16.3.009
  28. Lee, J. S., & Lee, S. M.(2015). The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions : Focusing on Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Factors, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.3.201506.61
  29. Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J.(2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes, Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002
  30. Miller, D.(1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms, Management Science, 29(7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  31. Mitchell, J. R., & Shepherd, D. A.(2011). Afraid of opportunity: The effects of fear of failure on entrepreneurial action, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 31(6), 195-209.
  32. Morales-Gualdron, S. T., & Roig, S.(2005). The new venture decision: An analysis based on the GEM project database., The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(4), pp.479-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-4774-7
  33. Oh, S. H.(2013). A Comparative Study of the Influence of Start-up Environments on Young Adults and Seniors' Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Industrial & Entrepreneurial Management Ho-Seo Venture University.
  34. Park, K. Y.(2009). A Study on Entrepreneurship and Its Effects on Corporate Performance in the Foodservice Industry, Culinary science and hospitality research, 15(3), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2009.15.3.012012012
  35. Park, N. K.(2015). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention: Considering the Moderating Effect of the Business Failure Burden and the Self-Efficacy, Master's thesis, Graduate School of Industrial & Entrepreneurial Management Ho-Seo Venture University.
  36. Park, S. S., & Kang, S. I.(2007). Entrepreneurial intentions and Personal Characteristicis of Travel Agency Employees, Journal of Tourism Sciences, 31(2), 187-204.
  37. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle, Transaction publishers, 55.
  38. Shapero, A.(1975). The displaced, uncomfortable entrepreneur, Psychology Today, 9(6), 83-88.
  39. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L.(1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper(Eds.), Encylclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  40. Startup alliance & Open Survey.(2017). Startup trend report 2017, Retrieved (2018.07.01.) from https://www.opensurvey.co.kr/Opensurvey_start-up_trendreport_2017.pdf.
  41. Stevenson, H.(1983). A Perspective on Entrepreneurship, Harvard Business School Working Paper,9, 384-131.
  42. Timmons, J. A.(1994). New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century, Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  43. Yoon, N. S.(2012). The Effect of Potential Entrepreneurial Motivations on Entrepreneurship and Commitment to Starts-up: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 25(2), 1537-1557.