Journal of Sensor Science and Technology (센서학회지)

The Korean Sensors Society (한국센서학회)
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Heterogeneous Porous WO3@SnO2 Nanofibers as Gas Sensing Layers for Chemiresistive Sensory Devices

  • Bulemo, Peresi Majura (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Jiyoung (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Il-Doo (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2018.09.08
  • Accepted : 2018.09.17
  • Published : 2018.09.30
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Abstract

We employed an unprecedented technique to synthesize porous $WO_3@SnO_2$ nanofibers exhibiting core-shell and fiber-in-tube configurations. Firstly, 2-methylimidazole was uniformly incorporated in as-spun nanofibers containing ammonium metatungstate hydrate and the sacrificial polymer (polyacrylonitrile). Secondly, the 2-methylimidazole on the surfaces of nanofibers was complexed with tin(II) chloride ($SnCl_2$) via simple impregnation of the as-spun nanofibers in ethanol containing tin(II) chloride dihydrate ($SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$). The presence of vacant p-orbitals in tin (Sn) and the nucleophilic nitrogen on the imidazole ring allowed for the reaction between $SnCl_2$ and 2-methylimidazole, forming adducts on the surfaces of the as-spun nanofibers. The calcination of these nanofibers resulted in porous $WO_3@SnO_2$ nanofibers with a higher surface area ($55.3m^2{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and a better response to 1-5 ppm of acetone than pristine $SnO_2$ NFs synthesized using a similar method. An improved response to acetone was achieved upon functionalization of the $WO_3@SnO_2$ nanofibers with catalytic palladium nanoparticles. This work demonstrates the potential application of $WO_3@SnO_2$ nanofibers as sensing layers for chemiresistive sensory devices for the detection of acetone in exhaled breath.

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