References
- Al-Ghamdi, S. S., Raftery, M. J. and Yaqoob, M. M. 2004. Toluene and p-Xylene induced LLC-PK1 apoptosis. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 27, 425-432. https://doi.org/10.1081/DCT-200039782
- Alberts, B., Bray. D.and Lewis, J. 1989. Molecular biology of the cell, pp. 198-300, 2nd ed., Garland Publishing, New York & London.
- Allen, H. J., Johnson, E. A. Z. and Matta, K. L. 1977. A comparsion of the binding specificities of lectins from Ulex europaeus and Lotus tetragonolobus. Immunol. Commun. 6, 585-602. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820137709093469
- Arts, J. H. E., Rennen, M. A. J. and de Heer, C. 2006. Inhaled formaldehyde : Evaluation of sensory irritation in relation to carcinogenicity. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 44, 144-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.11.006
- Barber, P. C. 1988. Ulex europeus agglutinin I binds exclusively to primary olfactory neurons in the rat nervous system. Neuroscience 30, 1-9.
- Boat, T. F. and Cheng, P. W. 1980. Biochemistry of airway mucus secretions. Fed. Proc. 39, 3067-3074.
- Boyd, W. C. and Shapleigh, E. 1954. Specific precipitating activity of plant agglutinins (lectins). Science 119, 419-427.
- Carr, W. E. S., Gleeson, R. A. and Trapido-Rosenthal, H. G. 1990. The role of perireceptor events in chemosensory processes. Trends Neurosci. 13, 212-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(90)90162-4
- Chang, J. C. F., Gross, E. A., Swenberg, J. A. and Barrow, C. S. 1983. Nasal cavity deposition, histopatology and cell proliferation after single or repeated formaldehyde exposure in B5C3F1 mice and F-344 rats. Tox. App. Pharm. 68, 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(83)90001-7
- Chen, C. S., Hseu, Y. C., Liang, S. H., Kuo, J. Y. and Chen, S. C. 2008. Assessment of genotoxicity of methyl-tert-butyl ether, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene to human lymphocytes using comet assay. J. Hazard Mater 153, 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.053
- Chung, W., Yu, I., Park, C., Lee, K., Roh, H. and Cha, Y. 1999. Decreased formation of ethoxyacetic acid from ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and reduced atrophy of testes in male rats upon combined administration with toluene and xylene. Toxicol. Lett. 104, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00357-9
- Condray, R., Morrow, L. A., Steinhauer, S. R., Hodgson, M. and Kelley, M. 2000. Mood and behavioral symptoms in individuals with chronic solvent exposure. Psychiatry Res. 97, 191-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00217-1
- Crowley, I. F., Goldstein, I. J., Arnarp, J. and Lonngren, J. 1984. Carbohydrate binding studies on the lectin from Datura stramonium seeds. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 231, 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(84)90417-X
- Damajanov, I. 1987. Lectin cytochemistry and histochemistry. Lab. Invest. 57, 5-20.
- de Aquino, T., Zenkner, F. F., Ellwanger, J. H., Pra, D. and Rieger, A. 2016. DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 88, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150194
- Edokpolo, B., Yu, Q. J. and Connell, D. 2014. Health risk assessment of ambient air concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) in service station environments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, 6354-6374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606354
- Foy, J. W. and Schatz, R. A. 2004. Inhibition of rat respiratory-tract cytochrome P-450 activity after acute low-level m-xylene inhalation: role in 1-nitronaphthalene toxicity. Inhal. Toxicol. 16, 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490270927
- Gagnaire, F., Marignac, B., Blachere, V., Grossmann, S. and Langlais, C. 2007. The role of toxicokinetics in xylene-induced ototoxicity in the rat and guinea pig. Toxicology 231, 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.075
- Getchell, T. V. and Getchell, M. L. 1990. Regulatory factors in the vertebrate olfactory mucosa. Chem. Senses 15, 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/15.2.223
- Graziadei, P. P. C. and Mercalf, I. F. 1971. Autoradiographic and ultrastructural observations in the frog's olfactory mucosa. Z. Zellforsch 116, 305-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00330630
- Graziadei, P. P. C. and Monti-Graziadei, G. A. 1979. Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the differentiation and structural organization of the olfactory sensory neurons. J. Neurocytol. 8, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01206454
- Hammarstrom, S., Murphy, L. A., Goldstein, I. J. and Etzler, M. E. 1977. Carbohydrate binding specificity of four N-acetyl-D-galactosamine specific lectin; Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin, soybean agglutinin, lima bean lectin, and Dolichos biflorus lectin. Biochemistry 16, 2750-2755. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00631a025
-
Hayes, C. E. and Goldstein, I. J. 1974. An
${\alpha}$ -D-galactosylbinding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 1904-1914. - Hennigar, R. A., Schulte, B. A. and Spicer, S. S. 1986. Histochemical detection of glycogen using Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II. Histochem. J. 18, 589-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675294
- Hirabayashi, J. 2008. Concept, strategy and realization of lectin-based glycan profiling. J. Biochem. 144, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvn043
- Ito, S., Hayama, K. and Hirabayashi, J. 2009. Enrichment strategies for glycopeptides. Methods Mol. Biol. 534, 195-203.
- Kaladas, P. M., Kabat, E. A., Iglesias, J. L., Lis, H. and Sharon, N. 1982. Immunochemical studies on the combining site of D-galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine specific lectin from Erythrina cristagalli seeds. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 217, 624-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(82)90544-6
- Kawakami, H., Ito, M., Miura, Y. and Hirano, H. 1992. Lectin-histochemical studies on the process of liver metastasis of mouse colon carcinoma (colon 26) cells. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 25, 577-582. https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.25.577
- Kim, Y. S., Yoo, H. S. and Ko, J. H. 2009. Implication of aberrant glycosylation in cancer and use of lectin for cancer biomarker discovery. Protein Pept. Lett. 16, 499-507. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986609788167798
- Kitada, M., Kuroda, Y. and Dezawa, M. 2011. Lectins as a tool for detecting neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain. Anat. Rec. 294, 305-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21311
- Kornfeld, K., Reitman, M. L. and Kornfeld, R. 1981. The carbohydrate-binding specificity of pea and lentil lectins. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6633-6640.
- Kum, C., Kiral, F., Sekkin, S., Seyrek, K. and Boyacioglu, M. 2007. Effects of xylene and formaldehyde inhalations on oxidative stress in adult and developing rats livers. Exp. Anim. 56, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.56.35
- Leathem, A. J. K. and Atkins, N. J. 1986. Lectin binding to paraffin sections. Immunocytochemistry 2, 40-70.
- Li, G. L., Yin, S. N., Watanabe, T., Nakatsuka, H., Kasahara, M., Abe, H. and Ikeda, M. 1986. Benzene-specific increase in leukocyte alkaline phosphotase activity in rats exposed to vapors of various organic solvents. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 19, 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530954
- Liu, B., Bian, H. J. and Bao, J. K. 2010. Plant lectins: potential antineoplastic drugs from bench to clinic. Cancer Lett. 287, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.013
- Lorin, M. I., Gaerlan, P. F. and Mandel, I. D. 1972. Quantitative composition of nasal secretions in normal subjects. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 80, 275-281.
- Maget-Dana, R., Veh, R. W., Sander, M., Roche, A. C., Schauer, R. and Monsigny, M. 1981. Specificities of limulin and wheat-germ agglutinin towards some derivatives of GM3 gangliosides. Eur. J. Biochem. 114, 11-16.
- Monti-Graziadei, G. A. M. and Graziadei, P. P. C. 1979. Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. II. Degeneration and reconstitution of the olfactory sensory neurons after axotomy. J. Neurocytol. 8, 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01175561
- Morgan, K. T., Gross, E. A. and Patterson, D. L. 1986. Distribution, progression and recovery of acute formaldehyde-induced inhibition of nasal mucociliary in F-344 rats. Tox. App. Pharm. 86, 448-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(86)90372-8
- Niaz, K., Bahadar, H., Maqbool, F. and Abdollahi, M. 2015. A review of environmental and occupational exposure to xylene and its health concerns. EXCLI J. 23, 1167-1186.
- Qin, W., Xu, Z., Lu, Y., Zeng, C., Zheng, C., Wang, S. and Liu, Z. 2012. Mixed organic solvents induce renal injury in rats. PLoS One 7, e45873. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045873
- Rajan, S. T. and Malathi, N. 2014. Health hazards of xylene : a literature review. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 8, 271-274.
- Rusch, G. M., Clary, J. J., Rinehart, W. E. and Bolte, H. F. 1983. A 26-week inhalation toxicity study with formaldehyde in the monkey, rat and hamster. Tox. App. Pharm. 68, 329-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(83)90276-4
- Saillenfait, A. M., Gallissot, F., Morel, G. and Bonnet, P. 2003. Developmental toxicities of ethylbenzene, ortho-, meta-, para-xylene and technical xylene in rats following inhalation exposure. Food Chem. Toxicol. 41, 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00231-4
- Sandikci, M., Eren, U. and Kum, S. 2007. Effects of formaldehyde and xylene on CD4- and CD8-positive T cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in rats. Toxicol. Ind. Health 23, 471-477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233708089025
- Sandikci, M., Seyrek, K., Aksit, H. and Kose, H. 2009. Inhalation of formaldehyde and xylene induces apoptotic cell death in the lung tissue. Toxicol. Ind. Health 25, 455-461 https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233709106824
- Scott, T. and Eagleson, M. 1988. Concise encyclopedia biochemistry, pp. 333-334, 2nd ed., Walter de Gruyter: Berlin & New York.
- Seo, J. K., Kim, T. S., Shim, I. S., Lee, S. H., Kim, H. M., Yoon, J. H. and Kim, P. J. 2011. A study of applicability to improve risk Assessment guidance. National Institute of Environmental Research, 1-39.
- Singh, M. P., Mishra, M., Sharma, A., Shukla, A. K., Mudiam, M. K. R., Patel, D. K., Ram, K. R. and Choedhuri, D. K. 2011. Genotoxicity and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene : Attenuation by quercetin and curcumin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 253, 14-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.006
- Smart, J. D. 2004. Lectin-mediated drug delivery in the oral cavity. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 56, 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.016
- Spicer, S. S. and Schulte, B. A. 1992. Diversity of cell glycoconjugates shown histochemically : A perspective. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/40.1.1370305
- Suzuki, Y. and Takeda, M. 2000. Basal cells in the mouse olfactory epithelium after axotomy : Immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic studies. Cell Tiss. Res. 266, 239-245.
- Tieyu, W., Bo, P., Bing, T., Zhaoyun, Z., Liyu, D. and Yonglong, L. 2014. Benzene homologues in environmental matrixes from a pesticide chemical region in China: Occurrence, health risk and management. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 104, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.035
- WHO (World Health Organization). 1997. Environmental Health Criteria 190. Xylenes. WHO, Geneva.