DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Overcoming Electrical Energy Efficiency Gap in Nepal's Residential Sector

  • Received : 2018.04.22
  • Accepted : 2018.08.30
  • Published : 2018.08.31

Abstract

The energy intensity of Nepal is economically not worthy, lacks eco-friendly and importantly not sustainable, and almost four times the average global energy intensity. Considerable efforts have been exercised to reduce the energy gap yet, it is still much to achieve. Nation priority on energy sector was envisaged with promulgation of investment friendly rules and law in hydropower and renewable technology even though, could not harness the sufficient energy. In amid of this acute energy crisis, the government launched the Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) with technical assistance from German International Cooperation (GIZ). Energy Efficiency (EE) practice is the most cost-effective method to reduce the supply and demand gap, reduce on greenhouse gases and pollution, and deter on import of petroleum products which finally improves on trade imbalance. This paper had proposed a framework of energy management team to promote energy efficient technologies in residential consumer. The energy management teams study the past records of energy use pattern of consumers and suggest appropriate technology for energy saving options. The paper provides some reviews of energy efficiency initiatives undertaken by the concern regulatory body which highlights the current status. The comprehensive knowledge acquired through exploratory research is implemented in this paper to identify the various barriers that domestic consumer is experiencing towards the active participation in energy efficiency program launched by the Government of Nepal.

Keywords

References

  1. Asian Development Bank. (2017). NEPAL ENERGY SECTOR, ASSESSMENT, STRATEGY AND ROADMAP (pp. 1-86, Rep.). Manila: ADB. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS178936-2
  2. Alternative Energy Promotion Centre. (2017). Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation. Retrieved November 04, 2017, from https://www.aepc.gov.np/
  3. Alam, F., Alam, Q., Reza, S., Khurshid-Ul-Alam, S., Saleque, K., & Chowdhury, H. (2017). A Review of Hydropower Projects in Nepal. Energy Procedia, 110, 581-585. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.188
  4. Berg, S. V. (2015). Energy efficiency in developing countries: Roles for sector regulators. Energy for Sustainable Development, 29, 72-79. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2015.10.002
  5. Chiaroni, D., Chiesa, M., Chiesa, V., Franzo, S., Frattini, F., & Toletti, G. (2016). Introducing a new perspective for the economic evaluation of industrial energy efficiency technologies: An empirical analysis in Italy. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 15, 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2016.02.004
  6. Cardenas, L., Zapata, M., Franco, C. J., & Dyner, I. (2017). Assessing the combined effect of the diffusion of solar rooftop generation, energy conservation and efficient appliances in households. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 491-503. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.068
  7. Cantore, N., Nussbaumer, P., & Wei, M. (2017). Promoting Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Africa: A Framework to Evaluate Employment Generation and Cost-Effectiveness. Environmental Research Letters, 12(3), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa51da
  8. Department of Electricity Development. (2017). About Department of Electricity Development. Retrieved November 04, 2017, from www.doed.gov.np/
  9. European Union. (2011). Energy 2020:A strategy for competitive, sustainable and Secure Energy(pp. 1-24, Rep.). Luxembourg: Directorate-General for Energy. doi:10.2833/78930
  10. Gyamfi, S., Diawuo, F. A., Kumi, E. N., Sika, F., & Modjinou, M. (2018). The energy efficiency situation in Ghana. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 1415-1423.doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.007
  11. Harmsen, R., Moth, L., & Kumar, A. (2014). Applicability of Energy Saving Obligations to Indian electricity efficiency efforts. Energy Strategy Reviews, 2(3-4), 298-306. doi:10.1016/j.esr.2013.07.001
  12. K.c., S., Khanal, S. K., Shrestha, P., & Lamsal, B. (2011). Current status of renewable energy in Nepal: Opportunities and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4107-4117. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.022
  13. Ministry of Power. (2017). Energy Efficiency, Government of India. Retrieved November 11, 2017, from https://powermin.nic.in/en/content/energy-efficiency
  14. Ministry of Energy. (2017). About the Ministry. Retrieved November 04, 2017, from http://www.moen.gov.np/
  15. MoEn. (July 2017). Energy Sector Current Status and Immediate Action Plan. Ministry of Energy.
  16. Ministry of Energy. (2015). National Energy Crisis Mitigation and Electricity Development Decade Concept/Action Plan (pp. 1-39, Working paper).
  17. NEA. (2014). Annual Report (pp. 1-108, Rep.). Kathmandu.
  18. NEA. (2015). Terms of Reference for Promotion of High Efficiency Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lamps (pp. 1-5, TOR). Kathmandu.
  19. NEA. (2017). A year in review fiscal year 2016/17 (pp. 1-176, Rep.). Kathmandu.
  20. NEA. (2017). Nepal Electricity Authority / About Us. Retrieved November 04, 2017, from http://www.nea.org.np/aboutus
  21. NEEP. (2015). Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP), Promotion and Realization of Energy Efficiency [Brochure]. Kathmandu: Author.
  22. NEEP. (2013). ENERGY EFFICIENCY - LABELS[Brochure]. Author. Retrieved November 06, 2017, from http://energyefficiency.gov.np/downloadthis/leaflet_energy_efficiency__(2013,_english).pdf
  23. Nepal_GIZ_Project. (2017). Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme. Retrieved November 11, 2017, from http://energyefficiency.gov.np/home
  24. Parajuli, R., Ostergaard, P. A., Dalgaard, T., & Pokharel, G. R. (2014). Energy consumption projection of Nepal: An econometric approach. Renewable Energy, 63, 432-444. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.09.048
  25. Pokharel, S. (2003). Promotional issues on alternative energy technologies in Nepal. Energy Policy, 31(4), 307-318. doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00043-5
  26. Sovacool, B. K., Bambawale, M. J., Gippner, O., & Dhakal, S. (2011). Electrification in the Mountain Kingdom: The implications of the Nepal Power Development Project (NPDP). Energy for Sustainable Development, 15(3), 254-265. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2011.06.005
  27. Shrestha, S., & Nakarmi, A. M. (2015). Demand Side Management for Electricity in Nepal: Need analysis using LEAP Modeling Framework. Proceedings of IOE Graduate Conference (pp. 242-251).
  28. Tauqeer, T., Ansari, M. A., & Hasan, A. (2017). Realization for low cost and energy efficient ceiling fans in the developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 193-201. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.020
  29. Timilsina, S. R., & Shakya, S. R. (2014). The Status of Energy Efficient Bulbs and the Potential Energy Savings in the Kathmandu Valley. In Proceedings of IOE Graduate Conference, 2014. Retrieved November 06, 2017, from http://conference.ioe.edu.np/ioegc2014/papers/IOE-CONF-2014-57.pdf
  30. UNDP. (2014). Local Development and Promotion of LED Technologies for Advanced General Lighting in Viet Nam (pp. 1-107, Project Document).