Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Membrane fouling reduction using electro-coagulation aided membrane bio-reactor

전기응집 분리 막 생물반응기의 막 오염 저감

  • Kim, Wan-Kyu (Department of Convergence Technology for Safety and Environment, Hoseo University) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Jun (Department of Nanobiotronics, Hoseo University) ;
  • Chang, In-Soung (Department of Environmental Engineering, Hoseo University)
  • 김완규 (호서대학교 안전환경기술융합학과) ;
  • 홍성준 (호서대학교 나노바이오트로닉스학과) ;
  • 장인성 (호서대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2018.05.24
  • Accepted : 2018.08.03
  • Published : 2018.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Membrane fouling in EC-MBR (Electro-Coagulation aided Membrane Bio-Reactor) processes was evaluated according to the operating parameters, such as current density and contact time. In addition, the fouling mechanism was investigated. Compared to the control (i.e., no electro-coagulation), membrane fouling for filtration of the activated sludge suspension after electro-coagulation was reduced significantly. Membrane fouling was improved further when the contact time was doubled under a low current density of $2.5A/m^2$. On the other hand, membrane fouling was not mitigated further, as expected, even though the contact time was doubled from 12 to 24 hr. at a current density of $10A/m^2$. This indicates that the overall decrease in membrane fouling is a function of the product of the current density and contact time. The particle size of the activated sludge flocs after electro-coagulation was changed slightly, which means that the membrane fouling reduction was not attributed to a larger particle size resulting from electro-coagulation. The experimental confirmed that the dynamic membrane made from aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, and/or aluminum phosphate, Al(PO4), which had been formed during the electro-coagulation, played a key role on the reduction of membrane fouling. The dynamic membrane prevents the particles in the feed solution from deposition to the membrane pores and cake layers. Dynamic membrane formation as a result of electro-coagulation plays a critical role in the mitigation of membrane fouling in EC-MBR.

전기응집 (Electro-coagulation)을 활용한 분리 막 생물반응기 (Membrane Bio-Reactor) 공정의 막 오염 저감 현상을 확인하고 이를 해석하고자 하였다. 전기응집의 주요 운전 인자인 전류밀도와 접촉시간 변화가 활성슬러지 혼합액의 막 여과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고 전기응집 과정에서 발생하는 수산화금속염이 막 오염에 미치는 역할에 대해 연구하였다. 전류밀도를 $10A/m^2$으로 높게 유지한 경우에는 전기응집 시간이 증가하여도 막 오염 감소 효과가 크지 않은 반면 $2.5A/m^2$의 낮은 전류밀도 하에서는 전기응집 시간이 증가하면 추가적인 막 오염 감소가 관찰되었다. 즉, 막 오염을 감소시키는 전류밀도와 접촉시간의 곱이 전체 막 오염 저감 정도를 지배하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 주어진 전류밀도와 인가시간에서 입도분포는 크게 변화하지 않은 것으로 나타나 콜로이드 입자와 막 오염 저감과는 큰 관련성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 전기응집을 통해 생성된 수산화알루미늄 (인산알루미늄)이 막 여과 과정에서 동적 막 (Dynamic Membrane)을 형성하여 막 오염 현상을 완화하는 것으로 확인되었다. 전기응집에서 발생한 수산화금속염이 막 표면에 동적 막을 형성하고 이로 인해 유입수의 입자성분이 직접 막 표면과 내부에 침적되는 것을 방해하고 동적 막에 주로 쌓이게 함으로써 막 오염이 감소된 것이다. 본 연구에서 밝힌 수산화금속염에 의한 동적 막의 역할은 전기응집을 활용한 MBR 공정의 후 막 오염 감소 메커니즘을 해석하는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 결론지을 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. L. Huang, D. J. Lee, "Membrane bioreactor: A mini review on recent R&D works", Bioresource Technology, Vol.194, pp. 383-388, Oct. 2015. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852415009669 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.013
  2. S. Judd, "The status of membrane bioreactor technology", Trends in Biotechnology, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 109-116, Feb. 2008. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779907003216 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.005
  3. F. Roayn, "Membrane multiplier: MBR set for global growth", WWI(Water & Wastewater International), 2012. http://www.waterworld.com/articles/wwi/print/volume-27/issue-2/regulars/creative-finance/membrane-multiplier-mbr.html
  4. H. Ivnitsky, I. Katz, D. Minz, E. Shimoni, Y. Chen, J. Tarchitzky, R. Semiat, C. G. Dosoretz, "Characterization of membrane biofouling in nanofiltration processes of wastewater treatment", Desalination, Vol.185, No.1-3, pp. 255-268, Nov., 2005. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916405006272 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.081
  5. M. Beyer, B. Lohregel, L. D. Nghiem, "Membrane fouling and chemical cleaning in water recycling applications", Desalination, Vol.250, No.3, pp. 977-981, Jan., 2010. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916409011175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.09.085
  6. F. Mang, B. Liao, S. Liang, F. Yang, H. Zhang, L. Song, "Morphological visualization, componential characterization and microbiological identification of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactros (MBRs)", Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.361, No.1-2, pp. 1-14, Sept., 2010. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738810004461 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.006
  7. H. D. Park, I. S. Chang, K. J. Lee, Principles of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, p. 242-245, CRC Press, 2015.
  8. C. H. Nahm, D. C. Choi, H. Kwon, S. Lee, S. H. Lee, K. Lee, K. H. Choo, J. K. Lee, C. H. Lee, P. K. Park, "Application of quorum quenching bacteria entrapping sheets to enhance biofouling control in a membrane bioreactor with a hollow fiber module", Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.526, pp. 264-271, March, 2017. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738816322426 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.046
  9. N. A. Weerasekara, K. H. Choo, C. H. Lee, "Biofouling control: bacterial quorum quenching versus chlorination in membrane bioreactors", Water Research, Vol.103, pp. 293-301, Oct., 2016. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135416305632 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.049
  10. M. Kobya, E. Demibas, "Evaluations of operating parameters on treatment of can manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation", Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol.8, pp. 64-74, Dec., 2015. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221471441530043X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.09.006
  11. K. Sadeddin, A. Naser, A. Firas, "Removal of turbidity and suspended solids by electro-coagulation to improve feed water quality of reverse osmosis plant", Desalination, Vol.268, No.1-3, pp. 204-207, March, 2011. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916410007423 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.10.027
  12. L. Liu, J. Liu, B. Gao, F. Yang, "Cathode membrane fouling reduction and sludge property in membrane bioreactor integrating electrocoagulation and electrostatic repulsion", Separation and purification Technology, Vol.100, pp. 44-50, Oct., 2012. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586612004613 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.08.029
  13. A. Deghles, U. Kurt, "Treatment of tannery wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/electrodialysis process, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol.104, pp. 43-50, June., 2016. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S025527011630040X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.02.009
  14. B. M. Khalid, E. Maria, "Development of a novel submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR): Performance for fouling reduction", Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.44, No.9, pp. 3298-3304, March, 2010. DOI : https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902145g
  15. S. Ibeid, M. Elektorowicz, J. A. Oleszkiewicz, "Modification of activated sludge properties caused by application of continuous and intermittent current", Water Research, Vol.47, No.2, pp. 903-910, Feb., 2013. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135412008329 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.020
  16. L. Liu, J. Liu, B. Gao, F. Yang, "Minute electric field reduced membrane fouling and improved performance of membrane bioreactor", Siparation and purification Technology, Vol.86, pp. 106-112, Feb., 2012. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586611006319 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.10.030
  17. A. D. Tafti, S. Morteza, S. Mirzaii, M. R. Andalibi, "Optimized coupling of an intermittent DC electric field with a membrane bioreactor for enhanced effluent quality and hindered membrane fouling", Separation and prufication Technology, Vol.152, pp. 7-13, Sep., 2015. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586615300721 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.004
  18. L. C. Hua, C. Huang, Y. C. Su, T. N. P. Nguyen, P. C. Chen, "Effect of electro-coagulation on fouling mitigation and sludge characteristics in a coagulation-assisted membrane bioreactor", Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.495, pp. 29-36, Dec., 2015. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738815300909 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.062
  19. B. Barllion, S. M. Ruel, V. Lazarova, "Full scale assessment of energy consumption in MBRs", 6th IWA Specialist Conference on Membrane Technology for Water & Wastewater Treatment, Aachen, Germany, IWA (International Water Association), 4-7th, Oct., 2011. DOI : http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/event/1235001/6th_IWA_Specialist_Conference_on_Membrane_Technology_for_Water__Wastewater_Treat.html
  20. S. Hasan, M. Elektorowicz, J. A. Oleszkiewicz, "Start-up period investigation of pilot-scale submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) treating raw municipal wastewater", Chemosphere, Vol.97, pp. 71-77, Feb., 2014. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653513015816 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.009
  21. N. Dizge, C. Akarsu, Y. Ozay, H. E. Gulsen, S. K. Adiguzel, M. A.Mazmanci, "Sono-assisted electrocoagulation and corss-flow membrane processes for brewery wastewater treatment", Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol.21, pp. 52-60, Feb., 2018. DOI : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714417305184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.016
  22. S. Han, I. S. Chang, "Comparison of the cake layer removal options during determination of cake layer resistance (Rc) in the resistance-in-series model", Separation Science and Technology, Vol.49, No.16, pp. 2459-2464, July, 2014. DOI : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01496395.2014.937005
  23. S. E. Um, I. S. Chang, "Effect of current density and contact time on membrane fouling in electrocoagulation-MBR and their kinetic studies on fouling reduction rate", Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, Vol. 31, No.4, pp. 321-328, Aug., 2017. DOI : http://www.jksww.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=54605 https://doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2017.31.4.321
  24. S.H Han, I. S. Chang, "Fluoride and nitrate removal in small water treatment plants using electro-coagulation", Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, Vol.25, No.5, pp. 767-775, Oct., 2011. DOI : ttp://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=SHSDB3_2011_v25n5_767