참고문헌
- Huang AH, Chen YK, Chan AW, et al. : Isolation and characterization of dental pulp stem cells from a supernumerary tooth. J Oral Pathol Med, 37:571-574, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00654.x
- Moore TJ, Walsh CS, Cohen MR : Reported adverse event cases of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine products. Arch Intern Med, 164:1192-1196, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.11.1192
- Vidyarthi V, Manda R, Lubell DL, et al. : Severe methemoglobinemia after transesophageal echocardiography. Am J Ther, 10:225-227, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1097/00045391-200305000-00010
- Anderson ST, Hajduczek J, Barker SJ : Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in an adult: accuracy of pulse oximetry with methemoglobinemia. Anesth Analg, 67:1099-1101, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-198867110-00015
- Rodriguez LF, Smolik LM, Zbehlik AJ : Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia: report of a severe reaction and review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother, 28:643-649, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800515
- Collins JF : Methemoglobinemia as a complication of 20% benzocaine spray for endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 98:211-213, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)91312-T
- O'Donohue WJ Jr, Moss LM, Angelillo VA : Acute methemoglobinemia induced by topical benzocaine and lidocaine. Arch Intern Med, 140:1508-1509, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1980.00330220067023
- FDA : Risk of serious and potentially fatal blood disorder prompts FDA action on oral over-the-counter benzocaine products used for teething and mouth pain and prescription local anesthetics. Available from https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm608265.htm (Accessed on May 23, 2018).
- MFDS : Notice of distribution of safety letters (durg containing benzocaine). Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/ brd/m_545/view.do?seq=270 (Accessed on July 14, 2018).
- Kim CH, Yoon JY : Local Anesthetics for Dental Procedure. J Korean Dent Soc Anesthesiol, 13:71-79, 2013. https://doi.org/10.17245/jkdsa.2013.13.3.71
- Kravitz ND : The use of compound topical anesthetics: a review. J Am Dent Assoc, 138:1333-1339, 2007. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0048
- Margulies DR, Manookian CM : Methemoglobinemia as a cause of respiratory failure. J Trauma, 52:796-797, 2002.
- Wright RO, Lewander WJ, Woolf AD : Methemoglobinemia: etiology, pharmacology, and clinical management. Ann Emerg Med, 34:646-656, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70167-8
- Skold A, Cosco DL, Klein R : Methemoglobinemia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. South Med J, 104: 757-761, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318232139f
- Khan NA, Kruse JA : Methemoglobinemia induced by topical anesthesia: a case report and review. Am J Med Sci, 318:415-418, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9629(15)40667-6
- Curry S : Methemoglobinemia. Ann Emerg Med, 11:214-221, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(82)80502-7
- Ash-Bernal R, Wise R, Wright SM : Acquired methemoglobinemia: a retrospective series of 138 cases at 2 teaching hospitals. Medicine, 83:265-273, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.md.0000141096.00377.3f
- Ashurst J, Wasson M : Methemoglobinemia: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, detection, and treatment. Del Med J, 83:203-208, 2011.
- Ferraro-Borgida MJ, Mulhern SA, DeMeo MO, Bayer MJ : Methemoglobinemia from perineal application of an anesthetic cream. Ann Emerg Med, 27:785-788, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70203-2
- Oh YM, Choi KH, Lee KU : Methemoglobinemia and seizure following indoxacarb poisoning. J Korean Soc Emerg Med, 23:750-752, 2012.
- Woo SH, So BH, Lee WJ, et al. : Fatal propanil pesticide poisoning presenting with methemoglobinemia. J Korean Soc Emerg Med, 17:268-272, 2006.
- Williams JR, Challis FE : Methylene blue as an antidote for anilin dye poisoning: case report with confirmatory experimental study. J Lab Clin Med, 19:166-171, 1933.
- Daemen-Gubbels CR, Groeneveld PH, Thijs LG, et al. : Methylene blue increases myocardial function in septic shock. Crit Care Med, 23:1363-1370, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199508000-00009
- Jang DH, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS : Methylene blue for distributive shock: a potential new use of an old antidote. J Med Toxicol, 9:242-249, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-013-0298-7
- Geetha A, Lakshmi Priya MD, Jeyachristy SA, Surendran R : Level of oxidative stress in the red blood cells of patients with liver cirrhosis. Indian J Med Res, 126:204-210, 2007.
- Clifton J 2nd, Leikin JB : Methylene blue. Am J Ther, 10:289-291, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1097/00045391-200307000-00009
- Roigas H, Zoellner E, Rapoport S, et al. : Regulatory factors in methylene blue catalysis in erythrocytes. Eur J Biochem, 12:24-30, 1970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00816.x
- Haymond S, Cariappa R, Eby CS, Scott MG : Laboratory assessment of oxygenation in methemoglobinemia. Clin Chem, 51:434-444, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.035154
- Shim JY, Seo YS, Hong SY, et al. : A fatal case of methylene blue threatment failure in methemoglobinemia. J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol 4:158-160, 2006.
- Conroy AL, Hawkes M, Kain KC, et al. : Methemoglobin and nitric oxide therapy in Ugandan children hospitalized for febrile illness: results from a prospective cohort study and randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Pediatr, 16:177, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0719-2
- Barker SJ, Tremper KK, Hyatt J : Effects of methemoglobinemia on pulse oximetry and mixed venous oximetry. Anesthesiology, 70:112-117, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198901000-00021