The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research (한국제4기학회지)

Korea Association For Quaternary Research (한국제4기학회)
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A brief review of recent Antarctic climate change

최근 남극의 기후변화 고찰

  • Seong-Joong Kim (Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST) ;
  • Chang-Kyu Lim (Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST)
  • 김성중 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 임창규 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소)
  • Received : 2018.11.20
  • Accepted : 2018.12.27
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

In response to the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases, the Arctic temperature is increasing rapidly by 2-3 times other regions. This larger Arctic warming than lower latitudes is called 'Arctic Amplification'(Overland et al., 2017; Goose et al., 2018). Associated with the Arctic Amplification, the Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly and Greenland ice sheet is melting rapidly, especially around the coastal margins (State of Climate, 2018). However, Antarctic climate change appears to be different from the Arctic. In the western part of Antarctica, surface temperature is rising rapidly with large sea and land ice melting, but in the eastern part, there is little temperature change with slight increase in sea ice extent. The contrasting east-west temperature response is illustrated by the deepening of the Amundsen Sea Low whose upstream brings warm maritime air to the Antarctic peninsula and Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas, but downstream air provides cold air to the Ross Sea, increasing sea ice. Besides, the increase in Southern Annular Mode (SAM) phase due to stratospheric ozone reduction enhances westerly winds, pushing sea ice northward by Ekman divergence and cooling east Antarctica. In this study, we review the recent Antarctic climate change and its possible causes.

화석연료 사용 증가에 의해 북극은 다른 지역보다 온난화가 2-3배 빠르게 진행 중이며 이를 '북극 온난화 증폭'이라 한다 (Overland et al., 2017; Goose et al, 2018). 북극 온난화 증폭과 관련하여 북극 해빙은 급격히 줄고 있고, 그린랜드 빙하도 연안을 중심으로 빠르게 녹고 있다 (State of Climate, 2018). 그렇지만 남극은 기후변화의 양상이 북극과 다르게 나타나는데, 남극 반도와 서남극은 온난화가 빠르고 해빙과 육상 빙하의 감소도 두드러진데 반해 동남극은 온난화가 거의 없고 해빙과 육상빙하는 약간 증가 추세에 있다. 서남극과 동남극이 이와 같이 대조적으로 반응이 나타나는 원인은 아문젠해 저기압 강화(deepening)에 따른 시계방향의 순환 증가로 따뜻한 해양성 공기가 남극 반도와 서남극으로 유입되면서 서남극의 기온은 올라가는 경향을 보이는데 반해, 동남극은 차고 냉각된 남극 대륙의 공기가 로스해 쪽으로 불어나오며 수온을 낮추고 해빙을 확장시키는 역할을 한다. 또한 성층권 오존 농도 감소에 따라 남극 주변을 시계 방향으로 도는 제트기류가 강화됨에 따라 동남극은 약간의 냉각화가 나타나는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 최근 남극의 기후변화가 북극과 다르게 나타나는 현상을 살펴보고 가능한 이유를 고찰해 보고자 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 극지연구소 주요과제 '남극기후변화의 지역적 차이 원인규명'(PE18010)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.

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