Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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The Analysis on Psychological Changes of Unemployed according to the Unemployment Period

실업자의 실업기간별 심리적 변화분석

  • 박혜경 (경기대학교 일반대학원 직업학과) ;
  • 김병숙 (한국직업상담협회) ;
  • 최정은 (경기대학교 일반대학원 직업학과)
  • Received : 2018.03.20
  • Accepted : 2018.07.06
  • Published : 2018.07.31
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Abstract

This study observes the psychological changes of unemployed people according to their unemployment period. With this what psychological changes they face according to their unemployment period and what psychological characteristics they show, whether if psychological changes and job hunting activities are in relation, and whether if psychological changes affect job hunting activities. The study subjects received unemployment wage and were divided according to before employment, 1~3 months unemployed, and 4 months or more unemployed. An in-depth research of 8 people was conducted within the period of 2017.05~08. The psychological characteristics of people, in the period from when they first sense unemployment possibilities until three months of unemployment, are anger, anxiety, fear, which is a mixed characteristic that does not disappear but continues deepening. In study there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, anger, social phobia, alcohol, religion factors, low self-esteem, and low self-efficacy in before employment, 1~3 months unemployed, and 4 months or more unemployed. However, the average levels of anger anxiety, depression, and social phobia were higher when the unemployment period was longer and the results of low self-esteem and low self-efficacy support further research.

본 연구는 실업자의 실업기간별 심리상태의 변화를 분석하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 연구방법으로는 질적 연구 방법의 하나인 현상학적 연구의 접근방법을 활용하여 면담과정을 통한 함축된 의미의 주제어를 도출하였다. 사전조사를 통하여 반구조화 된 질문을 확정하고, 2017년 5월 27일부터 8월 25일까지 3개월 동안의 기간에 8명을 면담하였다. 연구 참여자 8명의 주제 분석 결과 323개의 주제를 도출하였다. 주제 분석 결과 실업 전은 46개, 실업 후 277개 등의 주제어가 분석되었다. 이중 실업 3개월 이후 연구 참여자에게서 116개 등의 주제어가 새롭게 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 분노, 불안, 우울은 실업 전부터 시작하여 실업 3개월 후까지 지속되는 실업자의 심리적 핵심 증상이다. 둘째, 실업 후 4개월이 지난 연구 참여자에게서는 대인관계를 회피하다가 단절하고, 고조된 경제적 압박감으로 인한 우울의 수준이 높아지며, 낮은 자기존중감이 자기비하로 심화, 낮은 진로효능감, 알코올 의존 및 중독, 가장으로서의 역할 포기 및 가장 체면 손상 등으로 나타났다. 셋째, 4개월 이상 된 연구 참여자의 경우 장기실업자의 만성적 실업증후군을 보였는데 자신이 갖고 있는 사회연결망인 대인관계의 단절, 외출 감소, 불면증과 우울증, 약물 의존, 종교 의존 등이 나타났다. 이 연구는 실업기간별 실업자의 심리변화를 처음 연구한 논문으로 직업상담 정책의 기초적 자료로 그 의의가 크다.

Keywords

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