References
- Abawi, G. S., Foster, J. and Mai, W. F. 1973. Differentiation of cysts of Heterodera schachtii and H. trifolii by fenestral length. J. Nematol. 5:74-75.
- Ambrogioni, L. and Irdani, T. 2001. Identifcation of Heterodera schachtii group species in Italy by morphometrics and RAPD-PCR. Nematol. Medit. 29:159-168.
- Ambrogioni, L., Cotroneo, A., Moretti, F., Tacconi, R. and Irdani, T. 1999. First record of the yellow beet cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) in Italy. Nematol. Medit. 27:151-158.
- Amiri, S., Subbotin, S. A. and Moens, M. 2001. An efficient method for identification of the Heterodera schachtii sensu stricto group using PCR with specific primers. Nematol. Medit. 29:241-246.
- Amiri, S., Subbotin, S. A. and Moens, M. 2002. Identifcation of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii by PCR. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:497-506. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019974101225
- Amiri, S., Subbotin, S. A. and Moens, M. 2003. Comparative morphometrics and RAPD studies of Heterodera schachtii and H. betae populations. Russ. J. Nematol. 11:91-99.
- Andersson, S. 1984. First record of a yellow beet cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) in Sweden. Vaextskyddsnotiser 48:93-95.
- Baldwin, J. G. and Mundo-Ocampo, M. 1991. Heteroderinae, cyst and non-cyst forming nematodes. In: A manual of agricultural Nematology, ed. by W. R. Nickel, pp. 275-362. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA.
- Caswell-Chen, E. P., Williamson, V. M. and Wu, F. F. 1992. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Heterodera cruciferae and H. schachtii populations. J. Nematol. 24:343-351.
- Chang, H. W., Kim, K. H., Nam, Y. D., Roh, S. W., Kim, M. S., Jeon, C. O. and Bae, J. W. 2008. Analysis of yeast and archaeal population dynamics in kimchi using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 126:159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.013
- Cui, J. K., Erginbas-Orakci, G., Peng, H., Huang, W. K., Liu, S., Qiao, F. and Peng, D. L. 2016. First report of sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) in sugar beet growing areas of Sanliurfa, Turkey. Turk. Entomol. Derg. 40:303-314.
- Derycke, S., Remerie, T., Vierstraete, A., Backeliau, T., Vanfleteren, J., Vincx, M. and Moens, T. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA variation and cryptic speciation within the free-living marine nematode Pellioditis marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 300:91-103. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps300091
- EPPO. 2013. PM 7/119 (1) Nematode extraction. EPPO Bulletin 43:471-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12077
- Evans, K. and Rowe, J. A. 1998. Distribution and economic importance. In: The cyst nematodes, ed. by S. B. Sharma, pp. 1-30. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.
- Goodey, J., Franklin, M. T. H. and David, J. 1965. The nematode parasites of plants catalogued under their hosts. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, England.
- Haidar, A. M., Al-Assas, K. M. and Dawabah, A. A. 2015. Preva- lence, distribution and intraspecifc variation of Heterodera schachtii populations from semiarid environment. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 23:293-299.
- Inserra, R. N., Vovlas, N., Walker, S. and Dunn, R. A. 1993. The clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, a potential pest of clover and vegetable crops in Florida. Nematology Circular 204:1-4.
- Iwahori, H., Kanzaki, N. and Futai, K. 2000. A simple, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-aided diagnosis method for pine wilt disease. For. Pathol. 30:157-164. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.2000.00201.x
- Joyce, S. A., Reid, A., Driver, F. and Curran, J. 1994. Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to identifcation of entomopathogenic nematodes. In: Cost biotechnology, Vol. 812, eds. by A. M. Burnell, R. U. Ehlers and J. P. Masson, pp. 178-187.
- Kang, H., Eun, G., Ha, J., Kim, Y., Park, N., Kim, D. and Choi, I. 2016. New cyst nematode, Heterodera sojae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from soybean in Korea. J. Nematol. 48:280-289. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-036
- Kim, H. I., Hong, C. P., Im, S., Choi, S. R. and Lim, Y. P. 2014. Development of molecular markers and application for breeding in Chinese cabbage. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 32:745-752 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.12203
- Kim, J., Mwamula, A. O., Kabir, F., Shin, J. H., Choi, Y. H., Lee, J. K. and Lee, D. 2016. Effcacy of different nematicidal compounds on hatching and mortality of Heterodera schachtii infective juveniles. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 20:293-299. https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.4.293
- Kimpinski, J., Plumas, G. and MacDonald, M. C. 1993. Occurrence of the clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, in Prince Edward Island soils. J. Nematol. 25:876-879.
- Kwon, O. G., Shin, J. H., Kabir, F. M., Lee, J. K. and Lee, D. W. 2016. Dispersal of sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) by water and soil in highland Chinese cabbage fields. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 34:195-205 (in Korean).
- Lafi, H. A., Al-Banna, L., Sadder, M. T. and Migdadi, H. M. 2015. Morphological and morphometrical analysis of Heterodera spp. populations in Jordan. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 23:108-114.
- Lee, J. K., Park, B. Y. and Cho, M. R. 2013. Sugar beet cyst nematode occurrence and prevention of diffusion. In: 2013 Annual meeting on the Korean Society of Pesticide Science. p. 60 (Abstract).
- Madani, M., Kyndt, T., Colpaert, N., Subbotin, S. A., Gheysen, G. and Moens, M. 2007. Polymorphism among sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii populations as inferred from AFLP and ITS-rDNA gene analyses. Russ. J. Nematol. 15:117-128.
- Mercer, C. F. and Woodfeld, D. R. 1986. A survey of root knot and clover cyst nematodes in dry hill country. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 29:129-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1986.10417985
- Mulvey, R. H. 1957. Taxonomic value of the cone top and the underbridge in the cyst-forming nematodes Heterodera schachtii, H. schachtii var. trifolii, and H. avenae (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Can. J. Zool. 35:421-423. https://doi.org/10.1139/z57-032
- Mulvey, R. H. and Golden, A. M. 1983. An illustrated key to the cyst-forming genera and species of Heteroderidae in the west- ern hemisphere with species morphometrics and distribution. J. Nematol. 15:1-59.
- Schlang, J. 1990. Erstnachweis des Gelben Rubenzystennematoden (Heterodera trifolii) für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pfanzenschutzdienstes (Braunschweig) 42:58-59.
- Seinhorst, J. W. 1959. A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica 4:67-69. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529259X00381
- Sekimoto, S., Uehara, T. and Mizukubo, T. 2017. Characterization of populations of Heterodera trifolii Goffart, 1932 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in Japan and their phylogenetic relationships with closely related species. Nematology 19:543-558. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003067
- Sekimoto, S., Uehara, T. and Mizukubo, T. 2016. Geographical distribution of Heterodera trifolii in eastern Japan. Jpn. J. Nematol. 46:1-8. https://doi.org/10.3725/jjn.46.1
- Steele, A. E. 1965. The host range of the sugar-beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt. J. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol. 13:573-603. https://doi.org/10.5274/jsbr.13.7.573
- Steele, A. E. and Whitehand, L. 1984. Comparative morphometrics of eggs and second-stage juveniles of Heterodera schachtii and a race of H. trifolii parasitic on sugar-beet in The Netherlands. J. Nematol. 16:171-177.
- Subbotin, S. A., Vierstraete, A., De Ley, P., Rower, J., Waeyenberge, L., Moens, M. and Vanfeteren, J. R. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships within the cyst-forming nematodes (Namatoda, Heteroderidae) based on analysis of sequences from the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.0998
- Subbotin, S. A., Waeyenberge, L. and Moens, M. 2000. Identification of cyst forming nematode of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLPs. Nematology 2:153-164. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854100509042
- Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. and Kumar, S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30:2725-2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
- Tarte, R. and Mai, W. F. 1976. Morphological variation in Pratylenchus penetrans. J. Nematol. 8:185-195.
- Turner, J. S. and Subbotin, S. A. 2013. Cyst nematodes. In: Plant Nematology, eds. R. N. Perry and M. Moens, pp. 109-143. CABI, Nosworthy Way Wallingford, UK.
- Van Bezooijen, J. 2006. Methods and techniques for nematology. Wageningen: Wageningen University. 20 pp.
- Vovlas, N., Vovlas, A., Leonetti, P., Leibanas, G., Castillo, P., Subbotin, S. A. and Rius, J. E. P. 2015. Parasitism effects on white clover by root-knot and cyst nematodes and molecular separation of Heterodera daverti from H. trifolii. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 143:833-845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0735-3
- Waeyenberge, L., Viaene, N., Subbotin, S. A. and Moens, M. 2009. Molecular identifcation of Heterodera spp., an overview of ffteen years of research. In: Proceedings of the frst workshop of the international cereal cyst nematode initiative, pp. 21-23.
- Wouts, W. M. and Baldwin, J. G. 1998. Taxonomy and identifcation. In: The cyst nematodes, ed. S. B. Sharma, pp. 83-122. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.