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A Study on the Effectiveness and Possibility of Chemistry Inquiry Programs Based on Reverse Science Principle

RSP(Reverse Science Principle)기반 화학 탐구 프로그램의 효과 및 가능성 탐색

  • Jo, Eun-ji (Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education,) ;
  • Yang, Heesun (Department of Elementary Science Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Kang, Seong-Joo (Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education,)
  • 조은지 (한국교원대학교 화학교육과) ;
  • 양희선 (한국교원대학교 초등과학교육과) ;
  • 강성주 (한국교원대학교 화학교육과)
  • Received : 2018.04.16
  • Accepted : 2018.06.14
  • Published : 2018.08.20

Abstract

Inquiry-centered education is important in science education, but in the actual education field, scientific research is being done in a uniform manner due to realistic difficulties. In this study, we use RS (Reverse Science) as a secondary chemistry class to provide opportunities for students to engage in inquiry learning and scientific thinking through process-oriented activities. In this study, we developed and applied it to explore the effects on the scientific inquiry abilities of middle school students and checked the students' perception of it. For the application of the program, 128 students were selected from 6 classes of the 2nd grade in D district middle school, 64 from the experimental group and 64 from the comparative group. The experimental group taught RSP-based the chemistry inquiry programs and the comparative group taught instructor-led classes and verification experiments on the same topic over the seventh hour with three themes. In addition, we analyzed the results of the pre- and post-test by using the science inquiry ability test, and discussed the effects of the program based on the students' perceptions through class observation, student activity area, questionnaire and interview. As a result, the class using the program showed statistically significant changes in the science inquiry ability of secondary school students. Specifically, the experimental group was found to be significant in its prediction among the subcomponents of basic exploration ability compared to the comparative group. The differences have also been shown to be significant in terms of data translation, hypothesis setup and variable control, which are subcomponents of integrated exploration capabilities (p <. 05). In addition, students became interested in the process of creating the theory of science, and were highly interested in collaborating with their friends. It also provided students with opportunities to experience scientific thinking through process-oriented inquiry. Finally, based on the positive impact of the RSP-based chemistry inquiry program on students, we were able to identify the potential use of the program.

과학교육에서 탐구 중심의 교육은 중요하나 실제 교육 현장에서는 현실적인 어려움으로 인하여 획일화된 형태의 과학 탐구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 본 연구에서는 RS(Reverse Science)를 중학교 화학 교과 수업에 활용하여 학생들에게 능동적으로 탐구 학습에 참여하고 과학적 사고가 가능한 기회를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 개발하고 적용하여 중학교 학생들의 과학 탐구 능력에 미치는 효과와 이에 대한 학생들의 인식을 알아보았다. 프로그램 적용을 위해 D 소재 중학교 2학년 6학급을 선정하고, 실험 집단과 비교 집단을 각각 64명, 64명으로 128명을 구성하였다. 실험 집단에는 RSP기반 화학 탐구 프로그램을, 비교 집단에는 같은 주제의 강의식 수업과 확인실험을 3개의 주제로 7차시에 걸쳐 지도하였으며, 과학 탐구 능력 검사지를 사용하여 사전 사후 검사 결과를 분석하고, 수업 관찰, 학생 활동지, 주관식 설문지, 인터뷰 내용의 분석을 통해 드러난 학생들의 인식을 바탕으로 프로그램의 효과를 논의하였다. 그 결과, 본 프로그램을 활용한 수업이 중학생의 과학 탐구 능력에 통계적으로 유의미한 변화를 보였으며, 구체적으로 실험집단은 비교집단에 비하여 기초 탐구 능력의 하위요소 중 예상에서 유의미한 것으로 나타났고 통합 탐구 능력의 하위요소인 자료변환, 가설설정, 변인통제에서 그 차이가 유의한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한, 학생들이 과학 법칙이 생성되는 과정에 관심을 가지게 되었고 친구들과 협력으로 인해 높은 흥미를 보였으며 학생들에게 과정 중심의 탐구를 통해 과학적 사고를 하는 기회를 제공하였다. 결국, RSP기반 화학 탐구 프로그램이 학생들에게 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 바탕으로 프로그램의 활용 가능성을 확인 할 수 있다.

Keywords

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