벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제13권3호
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  • Pages.1-12
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  • 2018
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  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
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  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
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불평등과 기업가적 활동의 관계 연구

Inequality and Entrepreneurial Activity

  • 투고 : 2018.05.06
  • 심사 : 2018.06.29
  • 발행 : 2018.06.30
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초록

본 연구는 불평등과 기업가적 활동, 특히 창업활동의 관계를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 기업가적 활동을 국가수준에서 조사한 GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), 각 국가별 불평등 데이터인 WIID (World Income Inequality Database), World Bank에서 조사한 국가별 경제 데이터를 사용하여 불평등과 기업가적 활동의 관계를 실증 분석하였다. 그 결과, 불평등이 높은 국가에서 창업활동이 활발하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 불평등과 창업활동의 관계에서 국내총생산(GDP)이 양의 조절효과를 가진다는 것도 확인되었다. 또한 소득 수준별 창업활동의 양상을 확인한 결과 저소득 계층에서 생계형 창업의 빈도가, 기회형 창업의 빈도는 고소득 계층에서 높다는 점도 나타났다. 본 연구는 불평등이 기업가적 활동을 가속화 할 수 있다고 추측할 수 있는 한 근거가 될 수 있다. 다만 보다 명확한 결론을 내리기 위해서는 향후 연구에서 좀 더 정밀한 연구 설계와 이에 따른 실증분석이 축적되어야 한다는 점은 분명하다.

This study attempts to identify the relationship between inequality and entrepreneurship activities and to provide theoretical and policy implications. To do this, we use the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which is a survey of entrepreneurial activities at the national level, the World Income Inequality Database (WIID), and the World Bank survey data. The analysis shows entrepreneurial activities are relatively high in countries with high level of inequality. We also find GDP moderates the relationship between inequality and entrepreneurial activity. In addition, as expected, necessity entrepreneurship prevails in low income group while opportunity entrepreneurship is dominant in high income group. The study illustrates potential venue for research of entrepreneurship and inequality, whiles calls for broader studies and scrutiny.

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