한국경제지리학회지 (Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea)

  • 제21권2호
  • /
  • Pages.119-138
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  • 2018
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  • 1226-8968(pISSN)
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  • 2713-9115(eISSN)
한국경제지리학회 (The Economic Geographical Society of Korea)
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베트남 산악지역에서의 국가의 간섭과 흐몽족의 대응 - 베트남 북중부의 프론티어 마을을 사례로 -

The Hmong Response to State Intervention in Vietnam's Upland: A case study of a remote hamlet in North Central Vietnam

  • Le, Quy Ngoc Phuong (Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Chul (Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University)
  • 투고 : 2018.06.25
  • 발행 : 2018.06.30
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초록

베트남의 소수민족 중 하나인 흐몽족은 전통적으로 험준한 고산지역에 거주하며, 이동식 화전농업으로 생계를 유지하면서 강력한 혈연집단을 형성하여 왔다. 또한 혈연적 유대감에 기초한 흐몽족의 관습적 거버넌스는 그들의 문화와 생활양식을 유지하기 위한 중요한 요소로 기능하였으나, 국립공원 설치를 위한 법적 조치와 국가에 의한 정당화는 이들의 자원에 대한 이용과 권리를 크게 침해하는 것이었다. 이 논문에서는 자연보호를 위한 국립공원의 설치에 따라 지역자원에 대한 관습적 이용이 제한된 흐몽족을 사례로, 이러한 국가의 간섭을 어떻게 비켜가며 Scott (1976)가 언급한 '도덕적 경제공동체(Moral Economy)'을 어떻게 현실화하며, 자신들의 생활에 미치는 영향을 최소화하는지를 고찰한다. 분석 결과, 타인호와성(省) 푸후(Pu Hu)국립공원의 설치에 따라 마을 이전을 강요당한 흐몽족은 '생존을 위한 윤리의식 (subsistence ethic)'을 공유하는 다른 소수민족과의 관계 및 흐몽족 내부의 관습적 거버넌스를 일종의 '위기회피(risk-averter)' 기제로 구사하면서 국가의 간섭을 교묘하게 비켜가면서 강제적인 마을 이전과 자원이용에 대한 제약이라는 위기를 극복하였다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 본 연구의 성과는 소수민족의 내재적 다양성과 관습을 무시한 국가의 간섭을 재고할 것을 촉구하는 동시에, 주로 소수민족의 마을 내부관계에 국한하여 분석한 기존의 도덕적 경제공동체론의 한계를 극복하여 동남아시아 소수민족연구의 지평을 소수민족간의 공조관계까지 확대하였다고 볼 수 있다.

The Hmong people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Vietnam. They traditionally practice shifting cultivation for their daily subsistence. This group has a traditional governance system as well as strong clan and kinship relationships that occupy an important role in maintaining Hmong culture and livelihoods. The state's approval of the legitimate and statutory law for the Nature Reserve largely excluded local rights of access to and the use of natural resources. This study focusses on Hmong responses to the state interventions of the establishment of the Nature Reserve as well as forest land allocation. Based on Scott's contribution of Moral Economy (1976), the authors argue that local responses function as a 'risk-averter' against state intervention. Meanwhile, the intra and inter-ethnic relationships based on the 'subsistence ethic' help locals successfully mitigate state intervention. These findings help the state rethink their interventions, which have been constructed with very little respect for local differences or the desires of ethnic peoples. Furthermore, the main findings, which reveal that not only the intra-ethnic relationship but also the inter-ethnic relationship among ethnic minorities can play an important role in maintaining the Moral Economy, are expected to deepen the previous understanding on the Moral Economy, which has previously constrained its scope to the intra-ethnic relationship.

키워드

참고문헌

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