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Interpretation of Surface Contamination and Genesis on the Stupa of the State Preceptor Jigwang from the Beopcheonsaji Temple Site in Wonju, Korea

원주 법천사지 지광국사탑의 표면오염 및 성인 해석

  • Kang, San Ha (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Ju Mok (ChungNam Cultural Heritage Association) ;
  • Lee, Gyu Hye (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Sa Duk (Division of Restoration Technology, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Chan Hee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University)
  • 강산하 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 이주목 (충남문화유산) ;
  • 이규혜 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 김사덕 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2018.05.29
  • Accepted : 2018.06.12
  • Published : 2018.06.20

Abstract

The Stupa of the State Preceptor Jigwang from the Beopcheonsaji temple site in Wonju (National Treasure No. 101) was built in the Goryeo Period (around the 11th century), with very excellent style and techniques. It was returned to the Korea after being taken to Osaka of Japan without notice in 1912, and was severely damaged during the Korean War. Subsequently, the Stupa was restored using restoration materials like mortar, and relocated to the National Palace Museum of Korea. Surface contaminants in the Stupa primarily existed around the restoration materials. Black discoloration, which indicates a high discoloration grade, signified a high possession rate in the north and inner regions of the Stupa, which may be related to the relative moisture maintenance time. Most surface contaminants were calcite and gypsum; the black discoloration area underwent secondary discoloration due to air pollution. Moreover, the stone properties exhibited a relatively low discoloration grade, exhibiting crystallized contaminants that partly covered the rock-forming minerals. Overall, the Stupa deteriorated due to discoloration and being covered by lime materials, which were dissolved as the mortar degraded. Hence, it required contaminants removal, surface cleaning and desalination during conservation treatment, in order to control the rate of physicochemical deterioration by contaminants.

원주 법천사지 지광국사탑(국보 제101호)은 고려시대(11세기 경)에 조성된, 양식과 기법이 매우 뛰어난 승탑이다. 1912년에 일본 오사카로 무단 반출되었다가 반환되었으며, 한국전쟁기간에 큰 손상을 입었다. 이후 모르타르와 같은 재료를 사용하여 보수되었으며, 이 과정에서 국립고궁박물관 옆으로 이건되었다. 지광국사탑의 표면오염은 대부분 보수재료를 중심으로 나타난다. 변색 등급이 높은 흑화는 북측면과 앙시에서 비교적 높은 점유율을 보였다. 이는 상대적인 수분유지시간에 따른 것으로 해석된다. 표면오염물은 대부분 방해석과 석고이며, 특히 흑화부위는 2차적으로 대기오염물질의 영향을 받았다. 상대적으로 변색도가 낮은 석재에서도 조암광물사이에서 염결정이 확인되며 부분적으로 표면을 피복하고 있다. 지광국사탑은 보수과정에서 사용된 모르타르가 열화되면서 용해된 석회물질의 영향으로 탑신 전반에 걸쳐 변색에 의한 손상이 넓게 나타난 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 보존처리 과정에서 표면오염물 제거와 세정 및 탈염처리를 통해 염에 의한 물리화학적 손상을 제어할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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