DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Total Mercury (Hg) Monitoring and Methylmercury (MeHg) Analysis method and Exposure Assessment of Methylmercury (MeHg) in Marine Products

수산물 중 총수은 모니터링 및 메틸수은 분석법 고찰

  • Kwak, Shin-Hye (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Cheol (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-A (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Kang, Suk-Ho (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Kwon, Hye-Jung (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Cho, Yun-Sik (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Kang, Kyung-Ja (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Lee, Pil-Suk (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Cho, Wook-Hyun (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Moh, Ara (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Park, Yong-Bae (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center) ;
  • Yoon, Mi-Hye (GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center)
  • 곽신혜 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 김기철 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 김경아 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 강석호 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 권혜정 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 조윤식 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 강경자 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 이필석 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 조욱현 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 모아라 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 박용배 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소) ;
  • 윤미혜 (경기도보건환경연구원 안산농수산물검사소)
  • Received : 2018.03.22
  • Accepted : 2018.06.01
  • Published : 2018.06.30

Abstract

The use of microwave-assisted extraction and an acid-base clean-up process to determine the amount of methylmercury (MeHg) in marine products was suggested in order to improve the complicated sample preparation process. The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction was developed by using a 10% NaCl solution as an extraction solution, setting the extraction temperature at $50^{\circ}C$, and holding for 15 minutes to extract the MeHg in marine products. A NaOH solution was selected as a clean-up substitute instead of L-cysteine solution. Overall, 670 samples of marine products were analyzed for total mercury (Hg). Detection levels were in the range of $0.0006{\sim}0.3801{\mu}g/kg$. MeHg was analyzed and compared using the current food code and the proposed method for 49 samples which contained above 0.1 mg/kg of Hg. Detection ranges of methylmercury followed by the Korea Food Code and the proposed method were $75.25(ND{\sim}516.93){\mu}g/kg$ and $142.07(100.14{\sim}244.55){\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The total analytical time of proposed method was reduced by more than 25% compared with the current food code method.

본 연구에서는 경기도내 유통되는 수산물 42품목 670건에 대한 총수은 노출량평가를 수행하고, 총수은이 0.1 mg/kg 이상 검출된 시료를 대상으로 기존의 식품공전법과 개발시험방법을 적용하여 비교하였다. 유통 수산물에 대한 총수은 모니터링 결과 총수은에 대한 주간추정섭취량(Estimated weekly intake)은 $0.0742{\mu}g/kg$ bw/week인 것으로 조사되었으며, 이는 JECFA에서 제시한 PTWI $4{\mu}g/kg$ bw/week 대비 1.9% 미만으로 수산물 섭취로 인한 수은 위해성은 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다. 전처리 방법 개선에 따른 메틸수은 분석법 개발을 위해 추출, 정제 부분을 기존 식품공전방법과 다르게 진행하였다. Microwave 추출조건은 용액, 시간, 온도 3가지 조건을 고려하였다. Microwave 추출용액은 10% NaCl, 5 N HCl 용액, 11 N HCl 및 0.1 N NaOH를 선정하여 비교한 결과 회수율이 89.8%로 가장 높고 유화현상도 발생하지 않은 10% NaCl 용액으로 선정하였다. Microwave 추출시간은 10~20분 동안 추출시간을 달리하여 회수율을 비교하였으며, 10분 이상 추출 시 회수율은 100% 이상을 나타냈으나 15분 이상 추출 시에는 유기용매와의 층분리가 어려워 추출시간을 15분으로 선정하였다. Microwave 추출온도에 따른 회수율을 알아보기 위해 $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$에서 추출 후 회수율을 비교하였다. 추출온도가 증가함에 따라 회수율이 증가하였으나 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 회수율이 감소하여 $50^{\circ}C$로 최적화 하였다. 식품공전에서 정제과정에 사용되는 L-cystein은 매 실험마다 제조해야하는 번거로움이 있어 이를 대체하기 위해 0.05~5 N NaOH를 이용하였다. NaOH용액의 농도가 높아질수록 회수율이 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 2 N NaOH 이상의 농도에서는 재현성이 떨어지고 거품발생량이 증가하여 2 N NaOH용액을 정제용액으로 선정하였다. 이 실험들을 바탕으로 수산물 중 메틸수은 시료 전처리 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 시료전처리 방법은 기존 시험방법에 비해 검출효율이 높고 전처리 시간을 절약할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수산물 전반에 대한 모니터링 수행 시 스크리닝 분석법으로 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 우리나라의 수산물 섭취량이 세계에서 가장 많은 것으로 알려진 만큼 비의도적 유해물질인 메틸수은에 대한 종합적이고 체계적인 관리가 이루어져야 될 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. National Institute of Environmental Research. Survey on the status of harmful substances in human body 2nd. Available from: http://www.nier.go.kr/NIER/cop/bbs/selectNoLoginBoardArticle.do?menuNo=16003&bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000022&nttId=13571&Command=READ. Accessed Mar. 02, (2018).
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2016 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Available from: https://www.openchannels.org/literature/14012. Accessed Mar. 02, (2018).
  3. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Methylmercuy. (2010).
  4. Kim J.A., Yuk D.H., Park Y.A., Choi H.J., Kim Y.C., Kim M.S.: A study on total mercury and methylmercury in commercial tuna, billfish, and deep-sea fish in Seoul metropolitan city. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 45, 376-381 (2013). https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.3.376
  5. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Korean Food Code Index 2006-55. Korea, 29 (2015).
  6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fish and Fishery Products Hazard and Controls Guidance. (2011).
  7. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: Korean Food Code Index 2017-57. Korea (2017).
  8. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). (2013).
  9. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do?mid=695&pageNo=1&seq=25549&cmd=v. Accessed May. 28, (2018).
  10. Kim S.C., Jang J.W., Lee S.H., Jung Y.J., Kim J.Y., Ahn J.H., Park E.H., Ko Y.S., Kim D.S., Kim S.Y., Jang Y.M., Kang C.S.: Monitoring methylmercury in abyssal fish. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 42, 383-389 (2010).
  11. Kim J.A., Yuk D.H., Park Y.A., Choi H.J., Kim Y.C., Kim M.S.: A study on total mercury and methylmercury in commercial tuna, billfish, and deep-sea fish in Seoul metropolitan city. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 45, 376-381 (2013). https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.3.376
  12. Hinijosa Reyes, L., Mizanur Rahman, G.M., Skip Kingston, H.M.: Robust microwave-assisted extraction protocol for determination of total mercurt and methylmercury in fish tissues. Anal Chim Acta., 631, 121-128 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.044
  13. Mishra, S., Tripathi R.M., Bhalke, S., Shukla, V.K., Puranik, V.D.: Determination of methylmercury and mercuy (II) in a marine ecosystem using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta., 551, 192-198 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.026
  14. International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of phar-maceuticals for human use (ICH). Available from: http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/article/quality-guidelines.html. Accessed May. 15, (2018).
  15. Association of official analytic al chemists (AOAC). 2016 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Available from: http://www.eoma.aoac.org/app_f.pdf. Accessed May. 15, (2018).
  16. Vazquez M.J., Carro A. M., Lorenzo R.A., Cela R.: Optimization of methylmercury microwave-assisted extraction from aquatic sediments. Anal. Chem., 69, 221-225 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960513h
  17. Carbonell, G., Bravo, J.C., Fernandez, C., Tarazona, J.V.: A new method for total mercury and methyl mercury analysis in muscle of seawater fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 83, 210-213 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9720-x
  18. Yoo K.Y., Bahn K.N., Kim E.J., Kim Y.S., Myung J.E., Yoon H.S., Kim M.H.: Establishment of analytical method for methylmercury in fihs by using HPLC-ICP/MS. Korean J. Environ Agric., 30, 288-294 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.3.288