한국물환경학회지 (Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment)

  • 제34권6호
  • /
  • Pages.602-620
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2289-0971(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2289-098X(eISSN)
한국물환경학회 (Korean Society on Water Environment)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

TWINSPAN 기법을 이용한 한국의 저서성 대형무척추동물의 유형분류 및 유형분포에 영향을 미치는 환경요인에 대한 판별분석

Classification of Korean Benthic Macroinvertebrate Types Using the TWINSPAN Clustering and Discriminant Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting the Distribution of the Types

  • 민정기 (경기대학교 바이오융합학부) ;
  • 김동희 (경기대학교 바이오융합학부) ;
  • 문정숙 (국립환경과학원 물환경연구부) ;
  • 김진영 (국립환경과학원 물환경연구부) ;
  • 공동수 (경기대학교 바이오융합학부)
  • Min, Jeong-Ki (Department of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hee (Department of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Moon, Jeong-Suk (Water Environment Department, National Institude of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Young (Water Environment Department, National Institude of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kong, Dongsoo (Department of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University)
  • 투고 : 2018.09.15
  • 심사 : 2018.11.12
  • 발행 : 2018.11.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Korean benthic macroinvertebrate community from 959 sites and 14 environmental factors that could affect the biological distribution were surveyed and analyzed. The 438 taxa were divided into six groups according to TWINSPAN. Based on the environmental factor values corresponding to each taxon, the average and range of environmental factors for each biological group tended to increase or decrease in eight environmental factors (altitude, slope, current velocity, fraction of fine particles in substrates, turbidity, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P). As a result of discriminant analysis (hit ratio: 69.6 %), environmental factors that significantly influence the distribution of each biological group were $BOD_5$, altitude, catchment area, T-N, T-P and fraction of fine particles in substrates. The discriminant functions 1 and 2 classified the existing six biological groups (clustered by TWINSPAN) into five (group 1: highland highly sensitive group; group 2: lowland sensitive group, group; 3 and 4: lowland slightly tolerant group; group 5: lowland tolerant group; group 6: lowland highly tolerant group). Most of the benthic macroinvertebrates were identified in the species level. However, a few others were identified in genus or family level, too. Even the organisms belonging to the same genus or family may prefer different environmental factors in the species level, the identification of characteristic of the habitat environment preferred by organism and species level identification of these organisms are utmost. The results of this study may be used as basic information on environmental factors which can be considered in preservation and restoration research for biodiversity.

키워드

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Normality test and frequency analysis for the individual abundance of Baetis fuscatus; Note octaves mean $log^n_2$, and n is individual abundance (Ind./$m^2$).

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Normality test and frequency analysis for the individual abundance of Dugesia japonica.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Result of TWINSPAN based on adjustment individual abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates (*: Division level, **: Eigenvalue of division level).

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Distribution patterns of physical factors according to each TWINSPAN group (a) stream order, (b) catchment area, (c) stream width, (d) altitude, (e) slope, (f) depth, (g) current velocity, (h) fraction of fine particles in substrates.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Distribution patterns of chemical factors according to each TWINSPAN group (a) water temperature, (b) dissolved oxygen, (c) turbidity, (d) BOD5, (e) T-N, (f) T-P.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Normality test for the environmental factors and factors following normality (a) stream order, (b) slope, (c) current velocity, (d) fraction of fine particles in substrates, (e) water temperature, (f) dissolved oxygen.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Normality test for the environmental factors and physical factors not following normality (a) catchment area, (b) stream width, (c) altitude, (d) depth.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Normality test for the environmental factors and chemical factors not following normality (a) turbidity, (b) BOD5, (c) T-N, (d) T-P.

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Distribution patterns of 6 groups of benthic macroinvertebrates based on canonical discriminant function 1 and 2.

Table 1. Summary of environmental factors in the sampling sites

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Environmental factors used in discriminant analysis

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Eigenvalues, Wilks' Lambda and significance of each discriminant function

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Five canonical discriminant functions using six discriminant variables

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_t0004.png 이미지

Table 5. Classification of results based on discriminant analysis

SJBJB8_2018_v34n6_602_t0005.png 이미지

참고문헌

  1. Bazinet, N. L., Beth, M. G. and Angela, M. W. (2010). A comparison of urbanization effects on stream benthic macroinvertebrates and water chemistry in an urban and an urbanizing basin in Southern Ontario, Canada, Water Quality Research Journal, 45(3), 327-341.
  2. Beauchard, O., Gagneur, J., and Brosse, S. (2003). Macroinvertebrate richness patterns in North African streams, Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1821-1833.
  3. Brown, L. R. and May, J. T. (2000). Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and their relations with environmental variables in the sacramento and San Joaquin river drainages, California, United States Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4125, 1-25.
  4. Buss, D. F., Baptisa, D. F., Silveira, M. P., Nessimian, J. L., and Dorville, L. F. M. (2002). Influence of water chemistry and environmental degradation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a river basin in south-east Brazil, Hydrobiologia, 481, 125-136.
  5. Cao, Y., Bark, A. W., and Williams, W. P. (1997). A comparison of clustering methods for river benthic community analysis, Hydrobiologia, 347, 25-40.
  6. Cuffney, T. F., Brightbill, R. A., May, J. T., and Waite, I. R. (2010). Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to environmental changes associated with urbanization in nine metropolitan areas, Ecological Applications, 20(5), 1384-1401. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1311.1
  7. Corkum, L. D. (1989). Patterns of benthic invertebrate assemblages in rivers of northwestern North America, Freshwater Biology, 21, 191-205.
  8. Fisher, R. A. (1936). The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems, Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x
  9. Gauch Jr, H. G. and Whittaker, R. H. (1981). Hierarchical classification of community data, Journal of Ecology, 69(2), 537-557. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259682
  10. Gore, J. A. (1978). A technique for predicting in‐stream flow requirements of benthic macroinvertebrates, Freshwater Biology, 8(2), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1978.tb01436.x
  11. Gore, J. A., Layzer, J. B., and Mead, J. (2001). Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: a role in stream management and restoration, River Research and Management, 17(4-5), 527-542. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.650
  12. Hill, M. O. (1979). TWINSPAN-A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes, Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, U.S.A. 1-90.
  13. Jiang, X. M., Xiong, J., Qiu, J. W., Wu, J. M., Wang, J. W., and Xie, Z. C. (2010). Structure of macroinvertebrate communities in relation to environmental variables in a subtropical Asian river system, International Review of Hydrobiology, 95(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200811131
  14. Jowett, I. G. and Richardson, J. (1990). Microhabitat preferences of benthic invertebrates in a New Zealand river and the development of in-stream flow-habitat models for Deleatidium spp., New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 24(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1990.9516399
  15. Jun, Y. C., Kim, N. Y., Kim, S. H., Park, Y. S., Kong, D. S., and Hwang, S. J. (2016). Spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in relation to environmental variables in Korean nationwide streams, Water, 8(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8010027
  16. Karr, J. R. (1999). Defining and measuring river health, Freshwater Biology, 41(2), 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00427.x
  17. Kwak, I. S., Lee, D. S., Hong, C., and Park, Y. S. (2018). Distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates in streams of Korea, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 51(1), 60-70. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2018.51.1.060
  18. Kazanci, N., Dügel, M., and Girgin, S. (2008). Determination of indicator genera of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in running waters in western Turkey, Review of Hydrobiology, 1, 1-16.
  19. Kil, H. K., Kim, D. G., Jung, S. W., Shin, I. K., Cho, K, H., Woo, H. S., and Bae, Y. J. (2007). Changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities after a small dm Removal from the Gyeogan sream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Korean Society of Environmental Biology, 25(4), 385-393. [Korean Literature]
  20. Kim, Y. J. and Kong, D. S. (2018). Estimation on Physical Habitat Suitability of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in the Hwayang Stream, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(1), 10-25. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.34.1.10
  21. Kong, D. and Kim, A. R. (2015). Analysis on the relationship between number of species and survey area of benthic macroinvertebrates using Weibull distribution function, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 31(2), 142-150. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2015.31.2.142
  22. Kong, D. S. and Kim, A. R. (2017). Estimation on the physical habitat suitability of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Gapyeong stream, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 33(3), 311-325. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.3.311
  23. Kong, D., Son, S. H., Hwang S. J., Won, D. H., Kim, M. C., Park, J. H., Jeon, T. S., Lee, J. E., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Park J., Kwak, I. S., Jun, Y. C., Park, Y. S., Ham, S. A., Lee, J. K., Lee, S. W., Park, C. H., Moon, J. S., Kim, J. Y., Park, H. K., Park, S. J., Kwon Y., Kim P., Kim, A. R. (2018). Development of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index (BMI) for Biological Assessment on Stream Environment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(2), 183-201. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2018.34.2.183
  24. Lee, M. J., Seo, E. W., Yu, J. J., and Lee, J. E. (2014). Community fluctuation of the benthic macroinvertebrates before and after the construction of Nakdan weir, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 47(4), 328-336. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2014.47.4.328
  25. Li, F., Chung, N., Bae, M. J., Kwon, Y. S., and Park, Y. S. (2012). Relationships between stream macroinvertebrates and environmental variables at multiple spatial scales, Freshwater Biology, 57(10), 2107-2124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02854.x
  26. Merz, J. E. and Ochikubo Chan, L. K. (2005). Effects of gravel augmentation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a regulated California river, River Research and Applications, 21(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.819
  27. Ministry of Envrionment/National Institute of Environmental Research (ME/NIER). (2009). The Survey and Evaluation of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, M066528, ME/NIER, 1-439. [Korean Literature]
  28. Ministry of Environmental (ME). (2018). Water Environment Information System (WEIS), http://water.nier.go.kr/waterMeasurement/selectWater.do (access August. 2018).
  29. Morse, J. C., Bae, Y. J., Munkhjargal, G., Sangpradub, N., Tanida, K., Vshivkova, T. S., Wang, B., Yang, L., and Yule, C. M. (2007). Freshwater biomonitoring with macroinvertebrates in East Asia, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(1), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[33:FBWMIE]2.0.CO;2
  30. Nelson, S. M. and Lieberman, D. M. (2002). The influence of flow and other environmental factors on benthic invertebrates in the Sacramento River, USA, Hydrobiologia, 489, 117-129.
  31. Orth, D. J. and Maughan, O. E. (1983). Microhabitat preferences of benthic fauna in a woodland stream, Hydrobiologia, 106(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006748
  32. Park, Y. S., Song, M. Y., Park, Y. C., Oh, K. H., Cho, E., and Chon, T. S. (2007). Community patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates collected on the national scale in Korea, Ecological Modelling, 203(1-2), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.032
  33. Preston, F. W. (1948). The commonness and rarity of species, Ecology, 29, 254-283.
  34. Preston, F. W. (1962). The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part I, Ecology, 43, 185-215.
  35. Rosenberg, D. M., Danks, H. V., and Lehmkuhl, D. M. (1986). Importance of insects in environmental impact assessment, Environmental Management, 10(6), 773-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867730
  36. Rosengerg, D. M. and Resh, V. H. (1993). Freshwater Monitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Chapman and Hall Publishers, New York.
  37. Sandin, L. (2003). Benthic macroinvertebrates in Swedish streams: community structure, taxon richness, and environmental relations, Ecography, 26(3), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03380.x
  38. Smith, M. J., Kay, W. R., Edward, D. H. D., Papas, P. J., Richardson, K. S. J., Simpson, J. C., Pinder, A. M., Cale, D. J., Horwitz, P. H., Davis, A., Yung, F. H., Norris R. H. and Halse, S. A. (1999). AusRivAS: using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological condition of rivers in Western Australia, Freshwater Biology, 41(2), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00430.x
  39. Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., and Cushing, C. E. (1980). The river continuum concept, Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 37(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
  40. Yoon, I. B., Kong, D. S., and Ryu, J. K. (1992). Studies on the biological evaluation of water quality by benthic macroinvertebrates (2) - effects of environmental factors to community -, Korean Society of Environmental Biology, 10(1), 40-55. [Korean Literature]