The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics

The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics (대한치과보철학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of scaling procedures on the integrity of titanium nitride coated CAD/CAM abutments

  • Received : 2017.05.29
  • Accepted : 2018.02.27
  • Published : 2018.06.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

PURPOSE. To determine the extent of treatment traces, the roughness depth, and the quantity of titanium nitride (TiN) removed from the surface of CAD/CAM abutments after treatment with various instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve TiN coated CAD/CAM abutments were investigated for an in vitro study. In the test group (9), each abutment surface was subjected twice (150 g vs. 200 g pressure) to standardized treatment in a simulated prophylaxis measure with the following instruments: acrylic scaler, titanium curette, and ultrasonic scaler with steel tip. Three abutments were used as control group. Average surface roughness (Sa) and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) of treated and untreated surfaces were measured with a profilometer. The extent of treatment traces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS. Manipulation with ultrasonic scalers resulted in a significant increase of average surface roughness (Sa, P<.05) and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr, P<.018). Variable contact pressure did not yield any statistically significant difference on Sa-values for all instruments (P=.8). Ultrasonic treatment resulted in pronounced surface traces and partially detachment of the TiN coating. While titanium curettes caused predominantly moderate treatment traces, no traces or detectable substance removal has been determined after manipulation with acrylic curettes. CONCLUSION. Inappropriate instruments during regular plaque control may have an adverse effect on the integrity of the TiN coating of CAD/CAM abutments. To prevent defects and an increased surface roughness at the transmucosal zone of TiN abutments, only acrylic scaling instruments can be recommended for regular maintenance care.

Keywords

References

  1. Sala L, Bascones-Martinez A, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A. Impact of abutment material on peri-implant soft tissue color. An in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21:2221-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-2015-9
  2. Sicilia A, Quirynen M, Fontolliet A, Francisco H, Friedman A, Linkevicius T, Lutz R, Meijer HJ, Rompen E, Rotundo R, Schwarz F, Simion M, Teughels W, Wennerberg A, Zuhr O. Long-term stability of peri-implant tissues after bone or soft tissue augmentation. Effect of zirconia or titanium abutments on peri-implant soft tissues. Summary and consensus statements. The 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015;26:148-52.
  3. Sailer I, Zembic A, Jung RE, Hämmerle CH, Mattiola A. Single-tooth implant reconstructions: esthetic factors influ- encing the decision between titanium and zirconia abutments in anterior regions. Eur J Esthet Dent 2007;2:296-310.
  4. Lops D, Bressan E, Parpaiola A, Sbricoli L, Cecchinato D, Romeo E. Soft tissues stability of cad-cam and stock abut- ments in anterior regions: 2-year prospective multicentric co- hort study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015;26:1436-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12479
  5. Park SE, Da Silva JD, Weber HP, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Optical phenomenon of peri-implant soft tissue. Part I. Spectrophotometric assessment of natural tooth gingiva and peri-implant mucosa. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18:569-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01391.x
  6. Ioannidis A, Cathomen E, Jung RE, Fehmer V, Hüsler J, Thoma DS. Discoloration of the mucosa caused by different restorative materials - a spectrophotometric in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017;28:1133-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12928
  7. Bittencourt TC, Ribeiro CG, Devito KL, Ferreira CF, Cagna DR, Picorelli NM. Zirconia abutment supporting all ceramic crowns in the esthetic zone: Interim results of a prospective study. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;24:23-30.
  8. Zembic A, Sailer I, Jung RE, Hammerle CH. Randomized-controlled clinical trial of customized zirconia and titanium implant abutments for single-tooth implants in canine and posterior regions: 3-year results. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:802-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01717.x
  9. Degidi M, Artese L, Scarano A, Perrotti V, Gehrke P, Piattelli A. Inflammatory infiltrate, microvessel density, nitric oxide synthase expression, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and proliferative activity in peri-implant soft tissues around titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps. J Periodontol 2006;77:73-80. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.77.1.73
  10. Nakamura K, Kanno T, Milleding P, Ortengren U. Zirconia as a dental implant abutment material: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont 2010;23:299-309.
  11. Brodbeck U. The ZiReal Post: A new ceramic implant abutment. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15:10-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00278.x
  12. Coray R, Zeltner M, Ozcan M. Fracture strength of implant abutments after fatigue testing: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016;62:333-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.011
  13. Gehrke P, Johannson D, Fischer C, Stawarczyk B, Beuer F. In vitro fatigue and fracture resistance of one- and two-piece CAD/CAM zirconia implant abutments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2015;30:546-54. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3942
  14. Garine WN, Funkenbusch PD, Ercoli C, Wodenscheck J, Murphy WC. Measurement of the rotational misfit and implant-abutment gap of all-ceramic abutments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007;22:928-38.
  15. Ferrari M, Carrabba M, Vichi A, Goracci C, Cagidiaco MC. Influence of abutment color and mucosal thickness on soft tissue color. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2017;32:393-9. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4794
  16. Ferrari M, Tricarico MG, Cagidiaco MC, Vichi A, Gherlone EF, Zarone F, Sorrentino R. 3-year randomized controlled prospective clinical trial on different CAD-CAM implant abutments. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2016;18:1134-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12418
  17. Scarano A, Piattelli M, Vrespa G, Caputi S, Piattelli A. Bacterial adhesion on titanium nitride-coated and uncoated implants: an in vivo human study. J Oral Implantol 2003;29: 80-5. https://doi.org/10.1563/1548-1336(2003)029<0080:BAOTNA>2.3.CO;2
  18. Annunziata M, Oliva A, Basile MA, Giordano M, Mazzola N, Rizzo A, Lanza A, Guida L. The effects of titanium nitride-coating on the topographic and biological features of TPS implant surfaces. J Dent 2011;39:720-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.003
  19. Vaz F, Cerqueira P, Rebouta L, Nascimento SMC, Alves E, Goudeau P, Riviere JP, Pischow K, de Rijk J. Structural, optical and mechanical properties of coloured TiNxOy thin films. Thin Solid Films [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2004;447-8:449-54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(03)01123-4
  20. Lops D, Stellini E, Sbricoli L, Cea N, Romeo E, Bressan E. Influence of abutment material on peri-implant soft tissues in anterior areas with thin gingival biotype: a multicentric prospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017;28:1263-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12952
  21. Ferrari M, Cagidiaco MC, Garcia-Godoy F, Goracci C, Cairo F. Effect of different prosthetic abutments on peri-implant soft tissue. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Dent 2015;28:85-9.
  22. Groessner-Schreiber B, Hannig M, Duck A, Griepentrog M, Wenderoth DF. Do different implant surfaces exposed in the oral cavity of humans show different biofilm compositions and activities? Eur J Oral Sci 2004;112:516-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00171.x
  23. Kim YS, Shin SY, Moon SK, Yang SM. Surface properties correlated with the human gingival fibroblasts attachment on various materials for implant abutments: a multiple regression analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2015;73:38-47. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.949845
  24. Chien CC, Liu KT, Duh JG, Chang KW, Chung KH. Effect of nitride film coatings on cell compatibility. Dent Mater 2008;24:986-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.020
  25. Bollen CM, Papaioanno W, Van Eldere J, Schepers E, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D. The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996;7:201-11. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070302.x
  26. Mehl C, Kern M, Schütte AM, Kadem LF, Selhuber-Unkel C5. Adhesion of living cells to abutment materials, dentin, and adhesive luting cement with different surface qualities. Dent Mater 2016;32:1524-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.006
  27. Grossner-Schreiber B, Griepentrog M, Haustein I, Muller WD, Lange KP, Briedigkeit H, Gobel UB. Plaque formation on surface modified dental implants. An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12:543-51. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.120601.x
  28. Mengel R, Meer C, Flores-de-Jacoby L. The treatment of uncoated and titanium nitride-coated abutments with different instruments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:232-8.
  29. Gehrke P, Tabellion A, Fischer C. Microscopical and chemical surface characterization of CAD/CAM zircona abutments after different cleaning procedures. A qualitative analysis. J Adv Prosthodont 2015;7:151-9. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.151
  30. Rompen E, Domken O, Degidi M, Pontes AE, Piattelli A. The effect of material characteristics, of surface topography and of implant components and connections on soft tissue integration: a literature review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17:55-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01367.x
  31. Louropoulou A, Slot DE, Van der Weijden F. The effects of mechanical instruments on contaminated titanium dental implant surfaces: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014;25:1149-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12224
  32. Schwarz F, Papanicolau P, Rothamel D, Beck B, Herten M, Becker J. Influence of plaque biofilm removal on reestablishment of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006;77:437-44.
  33. Yang SM, Park JB, Ko Y. Use of confocal microscopy for quantification of plastic remnants on rough titanium after instrumentation and evaluation of efficacy of removal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2015;30:519-25. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3500
  34. Schmage P, Kahili F, Nergiz I, Scorziello TM, Platzer U, Pfeiffer P. Cleaning effectiveness of implant prophylaxis instruments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014;29:331-7. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.2524
  35. Schmidt KE, Auschill TM, Heumann C, Frankenberger R, Eick S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Influence of different instrumentation modalities on the surface characteristics and biofilm formation on dental implant neck, in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017;28:483-90.

Cited by

  1. Effect of different scaling methods and materials on the enamel surface topography: An in vitro SEM study vol.12, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_121_20