Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Bactericidal Efficacy of Non-thermal DBD Plasma on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

비열 유전체장벽방전 플라즈마의 포도상구균 및 대장균 살균효과

  • Kim, Keyyoung (Institute of Environmental and Industrial Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Paik, Namwon (School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Yonghee (Institute of Air Science, Shinyoung Airtech) ;
  • Yoo, Kwanho (Institute of Air Science, Shinyoung Airtech)
  • 김기영 (한양대학교 환경 및 산업의학연구소) ;
  • 백남원 (서울대학교 보건대학원) ;
  • 김용희 ((주)신영에어텍 공기과학연구소) ;
  • 유관호 ((주)신영에어텍 공기과학연구소)
  • Received : 2018.02.12
  • Accepted : 2018.03.26
  • Published : 2018.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma on decontamination of Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) as common pathogens. Methods: This experiment was carried out in a chamber($0.64m^3$)designed by the authors. The plasma was continuously generated by a non-thermal DBD plasma generator(Model TB-300, Shinyoung Air tech, Korea). Suspensions of S. aureus and E. coli of 0.5 McFarland standard($1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$) were prepared using a Densi-Check photometer(bio $M{\acute{e}}rieux$, France). The suspensions were diluted1:1000 in sterile PBS solutions(approximately$10^{4-5}CFU/mL$) and inoculated on tryptic soy agar(TSA) in Petri dishes. The Petri dishes(80mm internal diameter)were exposed to the non -thermal DBD plasma in the chamber. Results: The results showed that 95% of S. aureus colonies were killed after a six-hour exposure to the DBD plasma. In the case of E. coli, it took two hours to kill 100% of the colonies. The gram-negative E. coli had a greater reduction than the gram-positive S. aureus. This difference may be due to the structure of their cell membranes. The thickness of gram-positive bacteria is greater than that of gram-negative bacteria. The S. aureus is more resistant to DBD plasma exposures than is E. coli. It should be noted that average concentrations of ozone, a byproduct of the DBD plasma generator, were monitored throughout the experiment and the results were well below the criteria, 50 ppb, recommended by the Korean Ministry of the Environment. Thus, non-thermal DBD plasma is deemed safe for use in hospital and public facilities. Conclusions: There was evidence that non-thermal DBD plasma can effectively kill S. aureus and E. coli. The results indicate that DBD plasma technology can greatly contribute to the control of infections in hospitals and other public and private facilities.

Keywords

References

  1. Bogaerts A, Neyts E, Gijbels R, van der Mullen J. Gas discharge plasmas and their application. Spectrochim Acta Part B 2002;57(4):609-658 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00406-2
  2. Bollela VR, Sato DN, Fonseca B A L.. McFarland nephelometer as a simple method to estimate the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction using mycobacterium tuberculosis as a research tool. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999;32(9):1073-1076 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1999000900003
  3. Chae HJ, Kim HR, Kwak YG, Ko JK, Joo CU and Chae SW. Signal transduction of nitric oxide donor-induced protection in hydrogen peroxide- mediated apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts.J Immunopharmacology andImmunotoxicology 2001;23(2): 187-204 https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-100103859
  4. Choi EH. Plasma bioscience and medicines. Korean J Vacuum Society 2015;2(4):9-15
  5. Donay J-L, Fernandes P, Lagrange PH, Herrmann J-L. Evaluation of the inoculation procedure using a 0.25 McFarland standard for the BD phoenix automated microbiology system. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(12):4088-4089 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01847-07
  6. Eguia JM, Chambers HF.Community-acquired methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and potential virulence factors. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2003;5(6):459-466 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-003-0087-6
  7. Emmert S, Brehmer F, HanBle H, Helmke A, Mertens N, Ahmed R, et al. Atmospheric pressure plasma in dermatology. Clinical Plasma Med 2013;1(1):24-29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpme.2012.11.002
  8. Fontes B, Cattani Heimbecker AM, de Souza Brito G, Costa SF, van der Hijden IM, Levin AS, et al. Effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria. BMC Ifec Dis 2012;12:358-363 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-358
  9. Glenn J. STATE OF THE FUTURE(2050). kyobo book centre.; 2017. p. 138-139
  10. Gosden PE, MacGowan AP, Bannister GC. Importance of air quality and related factors in the prevention of infection in orthopedic implant surgery. J Hosp Infect 1998;39(3):173-180 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90255-9
  11. Haertel B, Woedtke T, Weltmann K-D, Lindequist U. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma possible application in wound healing. Biomol Ther(Seoul) 2014;22(6):477-490 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2014.105
  12. Heinlin J, Morfill G, Landthaler M, Stolz W, Isbary G, Zimmermann J L, et al. Plasma medicine: possible applications in dermatology. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2010;8:968-976
  13. Heo SM. A study on characteristics of indoor airborne fungi concentrations in a school building. master's thesis, Seoul National University of korea, Seoul. 2003.
  14. Jo J, Lee HW, Mok YS. Sterilization of scoria powder by corona discharge plasma. Korean J Industrial and Engineering Chemistry2014;25(4):386-391
  15. Joshi SG, Paff M, Friedman G, Fridman G, Fridman A, Brooks AD. Control of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in planktonic form and biofilms: a biocidal efficacy study of non thermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma. Am J Infect Control 2010;38(4):293-301 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.11.002
  16. Kolb JF, Mohamed A-A H, Price RO, Swanson RJ, Bowman A, Chiavarini RL, et al. appl Phys Lett 2008;92(24):241501 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2940325
  17. Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP, Whittam TS. Bactericidal Effects of High Airborne Ozone Concentrations on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Ozone Science and Engineering 1998;20(3):205-221 https://doi.org/10.1080/01919519808547272
  18. Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP, Striebig BA, Whittam TS. Demonstration of a hermetic airborne ozone disinfection system: studies on E. coli. AIHA J 2003;64(2):222-227 https://doi.org/10.1080/15428110308984811
  19. Kowalski Wladyslaw. Hospital airborne infection control. Talyor and Francis Group LLC;2012. p. 7-9
  20. Kim HJ, Lee KH, Nam KS, Seong BL, B JG, Choi HS. The Effect of Air Cleaner and Air-cleaning Devices for the Removal of Microorganisms and Viruses. J Odor and Indoor Environment 2004;1(1):103-113
  21. Kim CH. Cold atmospheric pressure air plasma jet for medical applications. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2010;53:593-602 https://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2010.53.10.593
  22. Kim JE, Kim IH, Min SC. Microbial decontamination of vegetables and spices using cold plasma treatments. Korean J food Sci Technol 2013;45(6):735-741 https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.6.735
  23. Kim JH, Park SW, CHO YS. Detection of Escherichia coli Using Flow Cytometry. J Environmental Science International 2017;26(1):11-21 https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2017.26.1.11
  24. Kitano K, Aoki H, Hamaguchi S. Radio-frequency-driven atmospheric- pressure plasmas in contact with liquid water. Japanese J Appl Phys 2006;45(10B):8294-8297 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.45.8294
  25. Laroussi M, Leipold F. Evaluation of the roles of reactive species, heat and UV radiation in the inactivation of bacterial cells by air plasmas at atmospheric pressure. Int J Mass Spectrom 2004;233:81-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2003.11.016
  26. Lee BS, Kim JD. A study of disinfection effect after hydrogen peroxide and silver nitrate complex air spray, Kyung Hee University department of oral and maxillofacial surgery report 2012
  27. Lee SJ, Song YS, Park YR, Ryu SM, Jeon HW, Eom SH. Sterilization of food-borne pathogenic bacteria by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma. J Food Hygiene and Safety 2017;32(3):222-227 https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2017.32.3.222
  28. Lidwel OM, Lowbury EJ, whyte W, Blowers R, Stanley SJ, Lowe D. Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomised study. Br Med J 1982;285:10-14 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.285.6334.10
  29. LippinCott's, Cynthia Nau Cornelissen, PhD, Illustrated Reviews, Microbiology 3rd, 146-147.2013
  30. Luo Y, Han Z, Chin SM, Linn S. Three chemically distinct types of oxidants formed by iron-mediated fenton reactions in the presence of DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91(26):12438-12442 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.26.12438
  31. Maisch T, Shimizu T, Li Y-F, Heinlin J, Karrer S, Morfill G, et al. Decolonisation of MRSA, S. aureus and E. coli by cold-atmospheric plasma using a porcine skin model In vitro. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e34610 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034610
  32. Mendis D A, Rosenberg M, Azam F. A note on the possible electrostatic disruption of bacteria. Plasma Sci 2000;28(4):1304-1306 https://doi.org/10.1109/27.893321
  33. Morfill G E, Shimizu T, Steffes B, Schmidt H-U. Nosocomial infections-a new approach towards preventive medicine using plasmas. New J Phys 2009;11:115019 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/115019
  34. Nosenko T, Shimizu T, Morfill GE. Designing plasmas for chronic wound disinfection. New Journal of Physics 2009;11(11):19
  35. Noori Lee, Sanghee Park,Keyyoung Kim, Daeyeon Kim. Evaluation of plasma air sterilization system to inactivate Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital 2017:15-17
  36. Pacelli R, Wink DA, Cook JA, Krishna MC, DeGraff W, Friedman N, et al. Nitric oxide potentiates hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. J Exp Med 1995;182(5):1469-1479 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.5.1469
  37. Pacelli R, Wink DA, Cook JA, Krishna MC, DeGraff W, Friedman N, et al. Nitric oxide potentiates hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. J Exp Med 1995;182(5):1469-79 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.5.1469
  38. Park SR, Hong JW, Lee HJ, Kim GC. Plasma medicine: how can non thermal atmospheric plasma be applied to medicine. Korean Society of Life Science 2013;23(6): 838-846
  39. Park DH. Characteristic study of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and it's influence on biomolecules. master's thesis, Kwangwoon University of Korea, Seoul. 2015.
  40. Pradeep P, Mok CK. Non-thermal plasma for inactivation of viruses in abiotic environment. Research Journal of Biotechnology 2016;11(6):91-96 https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201500189
  41. Ryu YH, Uhm HS, Park GS, Choi EH. Sterilization of neurospora crassa by noncontacted low temperature atmospheric pressure surface discharged plasma with dielectric barrier structure. Korean J VacuumSoc 2013;22(2):55-65 https://doi.org/10.5757/JKVS.2013.22.2.55
  42. Shimizu K, Komuro Y, Tatematsu S, Blajan M. Study of sterilization and disinfection in room air by using atmospheric microplasma. pharm Anal Acta 2011;S1
  43. Shimizu T, Zimmermann JL, Morfill GE. The bactericidal effect of surface micro-discharge plasma under different ambient conditions. New J Phys 2011;13(2):1-7
  44. Shintani H, Sakudo A, Burke P, McDonnell G. Gas plasma sterilization of microorganisms and mechanisms ofaction. Exp Ther Med 2010;1(5):731-738 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.136
  45. Singh MK, Ogino A, Nagatsu M. Inactivation factors of spore-forming bacteria using low-pressure microwave plasmas in an N2 and O2 gas mixture. New J Phys 2009;11:115027 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/115027
  46. Son HH, Lee WG. Treatment of Ar/O2 atmospheric pressure plasma for sterilization. The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineeing Chemistry 2011;22(3):261-265
  47. Song YS, Park YR, Ryu SM, Jeon HW, Eom SH, Lee SJ. Sterilization and quality variation of dried red pepper by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Korean J Food Preservation 2016;23(7):960-966 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.7.960
  48. Sutton S. Measurement of cell concentration in suspension by optical density. J VAL Technol 2011;17:46-49
  49. Von Woedtke Th, Reuter S, Masur K, Weltmann K-D. Plasmas for medicine. Phys Repts 2013;530:291-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2013.05.005
  50. Wink DA, Hanbauer I, Krishna MC, Degraff W, Gamson J, Mitchell JB. Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Sci USA 1993;90(21):9813-9817 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.21.9813
  51. Woodmansee AN, Imlay JA. A mechanism by which nitric oxide accelerates the rate of oxidative DNA damage in Escherichia coli. Mol Mivroviol 2003;49(1):11-22
  52. Yasuda H, Miura T, Kurita H, Takashima K, Mizuno A. Biological evaluation of DNA damage in bacteriophage inactivated by atmospheric pressure cold plasma. Plasma Process Polym 2010;7:301-308 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900088
  53. Yoon SS, Park YR, Ryu SM, Hyeong WJ, Eom SH, Lee SJ. Sterilization and quality variation of dried red pepper by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Korean J Food Preserv 2016;23(7):960-966 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.7.960
  54. Yoshioka Y, Kitao T, Kishino T, Yamamuro A, Maeda S. Nitric oxide protects macrophages from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inducing the formation of catalase. J Immunol 2006;176(8):4675-4681 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4675
  55. You HJ, Lee SH, Ko GP. Concepts and strategies of the human intestinal microbiome research. Korean J Public Health 2015;52(1):11-19
  56. Zimmermann JL, Shimizu T, Schmidt H-U, Li Y-F, Morfill GE, Isbary G. Test for bacterial resistance build-up against plasma treatment. New J Phys 2012;14:073037 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/073037