Fig. 2 Status of Domestic electric power. [2]
Fig. 3 The collapse diagram of Cs137 [12]
Fig. 4 Hysteresis curve according to magnetic type. [17]
Fig. 5 Removal of Cs (Vi) Using a magnetic material. [23]
Fig. 6 Process for the perparation of NaCuHCF-MNPs to remove Cs. [28]
Fig. 7 Mixture of NaCuHCF-MNP (left), A soltuion of NaCuHCF-MNP separated through a magnet (Right). [2]
Fig. 8 Manufacturing process of magnetic nano-sized zeolite. [29]
Fig. 9 Magnetic nano-sized zeolite photographed by TEM microscope. [29]
Fig. 10 Magnetic Prussian blue/Graphene oxide reaction process and magnetic spearation process. [34]
Fig. 11 Manufacturing process of PB/Fe3O4/GO. [35]
Fig. 1 Status of Domestic Nuclear Power Plants. [2]
Fig. 12 (Left) Magnetic separation of PB/Fe3O4, (Right) Magnetic separation of PB/Fe3O4/GO in water. [35]
Fig. 13 (a) The direction of the ferromagnetic moment before the external magnetic field is given, (b) The moment inside the ferromagnetic body after the external magnetic field is given. [36]
Table 1. The adsorption amount of Cs according to the form of Zeolite
Table 2. Graph of magnetic behavior, magnetic direction, and moment of magnetic materials. [37]
Table 3. Previous studies in which Cs was removed from water by synthesis of Magnetic material and adsorbent
References
- IAEA, "Nuclear Power Reactors in the World : 2015 Edition", International Atomic Energy Agency, pp. 19, (2015).
- Y. I. Lee, "Nuclear Power in Korea & Vision for the Future", The Korean Physical Sociey, (2011).
- M. Manolopoulou, E. Vagena, S. Stoulos, A. Ioannidou, C. Papastefanou, "Radioiodine and radiocesium in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident", J. Environ. Radioact, 102, pp. 796-797, (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.010
- A. Khannanov, V. V. Nekljudov, B. Gareev, A. Kiiamov, J. M. Tour, A. M. Dimiev, "Oxidatively modified carbon as efficient material for removing radio nuclides from water", Carbon, 115, pp. 394-401, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.025
- T. Charles, C. T. Garten, D. M. Hamby, K. A. Higley, T. G. Hinton, D. I. Kaplan, D. J. Rowan, R. G. Schreckhise, "Cesium-137 in the Environment - Radioecology and Approaches to Assessment and Management : (Report No. 154)", National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 2014.
- H. G. Mobtaker, T. Yousefi, S. M. Pakzad, "Cesium removal from nuclear waste using a magnetical CuHCNPAN nano composite", Journal of Nuclear Materials, 482, pp. 306-312, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.034
- Y. Park, Y. C. Lee, W. S. Shina, S. J. Choi, "Removal of cobalt, strontium and cesium from radioactive laundry wastewater", J. Chem. Eng, 162, pp. 685-695, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.026
- G. Gurboga, H. Tel, Y. Altas, "Sorption studies of cesium on TiO2, SiO2 mixed gel spheres", Sep. Purif. Technol, 47, pp. 96-104, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.06.008
- R. R. Sheha, "Synthesis and characterization of magnetic hexacyanoferrate (II) polymeric nanocomposite for separation of cesium from radioactive waste solutions", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 388(1), pp. 21-30, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.042
- S. P. Paker, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Chemistry, McGraw Hill, New York, (1983).
- S. Imoto, "Chemical state of fisson products in irradiated UO2", J. of Nuclear Materials, 5, pp. 19-27, (1986).
- E. B. Podgorsak, "Modes of Radioactive Decay", Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists, pp. 475-521, (2009).
- IAEA, "International Atomic Energy Agency, New Developments and Improvements in Processing of Problematic Radioactive Waste", IAEA-TECDOC-1579, (2007).
- T. Sangvanich, V. Sukwarotwat, R. J. Wiacek, R. M. rudzien, G. E. Fryxell, R. S. Addleman, C. Timchalk, A. Yantasee, "Selective capture of cesium and thallium from natural waters and simulated wastes with copper ferrocyanide functionalized mesoporous silica", J. Hazard. Mater, 182, pp. 225-231, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.019
- Z. Hedayatnasab, F. Abnisa, W. M. A. W. Daud, "Review on magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia application", Materials & Design, 123, pp. 174-196, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.036
- A. A. Kaufman, R. O. Hansen, R. L. K. Kleinberg, "Chapter 6 Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism, and Ferromagnetism", Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 42, pp. 207-254, (2008).
- http://www.science20.com/mei/blog/blocking_temperaure
- D. X. Chen, E. Pardo, Y. H. Zhu, L. X. Xiang, J. Q. Ding, "Demagnetizing correction in fluxmetric measurements of magnetization curves and hysteresis loops of ferromagnetic cylinders", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 449, pp. 447-454, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.10.069
- A. Harres, M. Mikhov, V. Skumryev, A, M, H, D. Andrade, J. E. Schmidt, J. Geshev, "Criteria for saturated magnetization loop", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 402, pp. 76-82, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.046
- R. D. Ambashta, M. Sillanpaa, "Water purification using magnetic assistance: A review", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 180(1-3), pp. 38-49, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.105
- C. W. Lim, I. S. Lee, "Magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst systems for the organic reactions", Nano Today, 5, pp. 412-434, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.08.008
- S. N. Podoynitsyn, O. N. Sorokina, A. L. Kovarski, "High-Gradient magnetic separation using ferromagnetic membrane", Journal of Magnetism and magnetic Materials, 397, pp. 51-56, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.08.075
- K. Simeonidls, E. Kapara, T. Samaras, M. Angelakeris, N. Pliatsikas, G. Vourlias, M. Mitrakas, N. Andritsos, "Optimizing magnetic nanoparticles for drinking water technology- The case of Cr(VI)", Science of The Total Environment, 535, pp. 61-68, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.033
- A. K. Vipin, B. Hu, B. Fugetsu, "Prussian blue caged in alginate/calcium beads as adsorbents for removal of cesium ions from contaminated water", J. Hazard. Mater, 258, pp. 93-101, (2013).
- J. Jang, D. S. Lee, "Enhanced adsorption of cesium on PVA-alginate encapsulated Prussian blue-graphene oxide hydrogel beads in a fixed-bed column system", Bioresour. Technol, 218, pp. 294-300, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.100
- B. Hui, Y. Zhang, L. Ye, "Preparation of PVA hydrogel beads and adsorption mechanism for advanced phosphate removal", Chem. Eng. J, 235, pp. 207-214, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.045
- A. H. Lu, E. L. Salabas, F. Schuth, "Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application Angew", Chem. Int. Ed, 46, pp. 1222-1244, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200602866
- K. S. Hwang, C. W. Park, K. W. Lee, S. J. Park, H. M. Yang, "Highly efficient removal of radioactive cesium by sodium-copper hexacyanoferrate-modified magnetic nanoparticles", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 516, pp. 375-382, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.052
- A. A. Moament, H. A. Ibrahim, N. Abdelmonem, I. M. Ismail, "Thermodynamic analysis for the sorptive removal of cesium and strontium ions onto synthesized magnetic nano zeolite", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 223, pp. 187-195, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.11.009
- R. R. Sheha, E. Metwally, "Equilibrium isotherm modeling of cesium adsorption onto magnetic materials", J. Hazard Mater, 143, pp. 354-357, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.041
-
H. Faghihian, M. Moayed, A. Firooz, I. Mozhgan, "Synthesis of a novel magnetic zeolite nanocomposite for removal of
$Cs^+$ and$Sr_2^+$ from aqueous solution: Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies", J. Colloid Interface Sci, 393, pp. 445-451, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.11.010 - R. Cortes, M. T. Olguin, M. Solache, "Cesium sorption by clinoptilolite-rich tuffs in batch and fixed-bed systems", Desalination, 258, pp. 164-166, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.03.019
- O. A. A. Moamen, I. M. Ismail, N. Abdelmonem, R. O. A. Rahman, J. Taiwan, "Equilibrium isotherm modeling of cesium adsorption onto magnetic materials", Inst. Chem. Eng, 143, pp. 1-12, (2007)
- H. Yang, H. Li, J. Zhai, L. Sun, Y. Zhao, H. Yu, "Magnetic prussian blue/graphene oxide nanocomposites caged in calcium alginate microbeads for elimination of cesium ions from water and soil", Chemical Engineering Journal, 246, pp. 10-19, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.060
- H. Yang, L. Sun, J. Zhai, H. Li, "In situ controllable synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue/graphene oxide nanocomposites for removal of radioactive cesium in water", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2, 326, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA13548A
- A. Gehan, "Mathematical model to investigate the behaviour of the systems of ferromagnetic particles under the magnetic fields", Applied Mathematics and Computation, 320, pp. 654-676, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.09.050
- P. D. C. Guio, T. Proll, H. Hofbauer, "Measurement of ferromagnetic particle concentration for characterization of fluidized bed fluid-dynamics", Powder Technology, 239, pp. 147-154, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.040
- Y. K. Kim, Y. Kim, S. Kim, D. Harbottle, J. W. Lee, "Solvent-assisted synthesis ofpotassium copper hexacyanoferrate embedded 3D-interconnected poroushydrogel for highly selective and rapid cesium ion removal", J. Environ. Chem. Eng, 5, pp. 975-986, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.01.026
- Y. K. Kim, T. Kim, Y. Kim, D. Harbottle, J. W. Lee, "Highly effective Cs+ removal by turbidity-free potassium copperhexacyanoferrateimmobilized magnetic hydrogels", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 340, pp. 130-139, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.066
- H. Zhang, X. Zhao, J. Wei, F. Li, "Removal of cesium from low-level radioactive wastewaters using magnetic potassium titanium hexacyanoferrate", Chemical Engineering Journal, 275, pp. 262-270, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.052
- H. M. Yang, K. S. Hwang, C. W. Park, K. W. Lee, "Sodium-copper hexacyanoferrate-functionalized magnetic nanoclusters for the highly efficient magnetic removal of radioactive caesium from seawater", Water Research, 125, pp. 81-90, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.037
- A. Nakamura, K. Sugawara, S. Nakajima, K. Murakami, "Adsorption of Cs ions using a temperature-responsive polymer/magnetite/zeolite composite adsorbent and separation of the adsorbent from water using high-gradient magnetic separation", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 527, pp, 63-69, (2017).
- C. Thammawong, P. Opaprakasit, P. Tangboriboonrat, P. Sreearunothai, "Prussian blue-coated magnetic nanoparticles for removal of cesium from contaminated environment", J Nanopart Res, 15: 1689, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1689-z
- H. M. Yang, S. C. Jang, S. B. Hong, K. W. Lee, C. Roh, Y. S. Huh, B. K. Seo, "Prussian blue-functionalized magnetic nanoclusters for the removal of radioactive cesium from water", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 657, pp. 387-393, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.068
- A. A. Kadam, J. Jang, D. S. Lee, "Facile synthesis of pectin-stabilized magnetic graphene oxide Prussian blue nanocomposites for selective cesium removal from aqueous solution", Bioresource Technology, 216, pp. 391-398, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.103
- C. Ling, S. Chang, W. Chen, W. Han, Z. Li, Z. Zhang, Y. Daia, D. Chen, "Facile one-pot synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue core/shell nanoparticles for radioactive cesium removal", RSC Advances, 98, (2016).