References
- van der Voort PH. How to prevent and treat gastrointestinal bleeding in the critically ill patient: a pathophysiological approach. J Emerg Crit Care Med 2017;1:35.
- Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM, et al. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e152S-e184S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2295
- Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH, et al. (1994) Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1994;330:377-381. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199402103300601
- Strate LL, Gralnek IM. ACG Clinical Guideline: management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:459-474. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.41
- Barkun A, Bardou M, Marshall JK; Nonvariceal Upper GI Bleeding Consensus Conference Group. Consensus recommendations for managing patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:843-857. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-10-200311180-00012
- Hwang JH, Fisher DA, Ben-Menachem T, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:1132-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.033
- Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2015;47:a1-a46. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393172
- Laine L, Shah A. Randomized trial of urgent vs. elective colonoscopy in patients hospitalized with lower GI bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2636-2641. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.277
- Farrell JJ, Friedman LS. Review article: the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:1281-1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02485.x
- Kim JH, Kim JH, Chun J, Lee C, Im JP, Kim JS. Early versus late bedside endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Korean J Intern Med 2018;33:304-312. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.182
- Seo EH, Kim TO, Park MJ, et al. Optimal preparation- to-colonoscopy interval in split-dose PEG bowel preparation determines satisfactory bowel preparation quality: an observational prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:583-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2011.09.029
- Bryant RV, Schoeman SN, Schoeman MN. Shorter preparation to procedure interval for colonoscopy improves quality of bowel cleansing. Intern Med J 2013;43:162-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02963.x
- Kim TK, Kim HW, Kim SJ, et al. Importance of the time interval between bowel preparation and colonoscopy in determining the quality of bowel preparation for full-dose polyethylene glycol preparation. Gut Liver 2014;8:625-631. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl13228