DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

유아의 배려행동에 미치는 공감능력과 대인관계형성능력의 영향

The Effect of Young children's Empathicability and Interpersonal competence in Forming relationships on Caring behavior

  • 마지순 (원광보건대학교 유아교육과)
  • Ma, Ji-Sun (Department of Early Childhood, Wonkwang Health Science University)
  • 투고 : 2018.03.21
  • 심사 : 2018.05.04
  • 발행 : 2018.05.31

초록

본 연구의 목적은 유아의 배려행동에 미치는 공감능력과 대인관계형성능력의 영향을 알아봄으로써 유아교육 현장에서 유아의 배려행동을 증진시키기 위한 방안을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구대상은 중소도시 I시의 4,5세 유아 152명이며, 검사도구는 배려행동, 공감능력, 대인관계형성능력의 질문지를 활용하였으며, 교사에 의해 측정되었다. 수집된 자료는 pearson의 적률상관관계를 분석하고 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 유아의 공감능력과 배려행동은 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났지만 배려행동 중 가치부여적행동과는 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 가치부여적행동과 공간능력의 하위영역인 기쁨과 심적부담이 정적 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 배려행동과 대인관계형성능력 전체는 관계가 있었으며, 특히 사회적 반응성과의 관계가 가장 높게 나타났다. 하위영역에서는 규범적 행동과 사회적반응성, 능동적행동과 지시따르기, 가치부여적행동과 긍정적 상호작용, 정서적행동과 사회적반응성과 가장 높은 정적 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 배려행동 중정서적행동에는 사회적반응성이 정적인 예측변인이며, 관계형성하기는 부적 예측변인으로 나타났다. 능동적 행동에는 지시따르기가 정적예측 변인이며, 심적부담은 부적 예측변인으로 나타났다. 규범적 행동은 사회적반응성이 정적인 예측변인, 관계형성하기와 심적부담 부적 예측변인인 것으로 나타났다. 가치부여적행동에는 긍정적 상호작용이 정적 예측변인인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 유아의 배려행동을 증진시키기 위한 프로그램을 개발하기 위해서는 사회적 반응성, 지시따르기, 긍정적 상호작용을 증진시키는 내용을 포함해야할 것이며, 유아의 관계형성능력과 불안의 요소를 줄이는 내용을 구성해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children's empathic ability and interpersonal competence on caring behavior in forming relationships. Subjects included 152 4- and 5-year-old children attending a kindergarten located in a micropolitan city. Questionnaires required self-reporting by teachers, and were used to investigate young children's caring behavior, empathic ability and interpersonal competence in forming relationships. Data was analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and Stepwise-Regression analysis. Results were as follows: First, young children's caring behavior was negatively correlated with empathic ability and positively associated with interpersonal competence in forming relationships. Second, young children's emotional behavior as each domain of caring behavior were predictable variables for explaining the relative effect of the social reactivity and explaining the relative effect of relationship formation. Active behaviors were predictable variables for explaining the relative effect of follow-up instructions, but negatively affected mental burden. Normative behaviors were predictable variables for explaining the relative effect of social reactivity, but negatively predictable variables for explaining the relative effect of the relationship formation and mental burden. Value-contributing behavior in each domain of caring behavior were predictable variables for explaining the relative effect of the positive interaction.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. M. S. Han, The Structural Relationships Between Variables Related to Home Environment Which Affect Caring Behavior of Early Childhood- Focusing on Family Strongness, Mother-Child Interaction, Stimulated Home Environment - Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 2013.
  2. S, O. Park, & J. Y. Hwang, "The Effects of Caring Activities using Picture Books on Self-esteem and Pro-social Behavior of Young Children", Korean Education Inquiry, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 221-244, 2012.
  3. M. S. Choi, & H. S. Youn, M. J. Kim, "Exploring the implication of care-oriented morality on early childhood teacher education", The Korean Journal Child Education, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 71-83, 2007.
  4. S. J. Do, The Effects of Children's Self-Esteem and Peer-Relationshipon Caring. Master's Thesis from Graduate School of Education. Dong-A University. 2010.
  5. M. S. Lee, A Study on Nel Noddings' View of Care Education. Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Chonnam National University, 2008.
  6. H. G. Kim, The Influence of Raising-plant Activity Reflecting Children's Interest on Children's Caring Thinking and Nature Friendly Attitude. Master's Thesis from Graduate School of Chung-Ang University. 2013
  7. Hoffman, M. (1984). Empathy, It's Limitation, and Its Role in a Comprehensive Moral Theory, In W. M. Kurtines, & J. L. Gewirtz(Eds.), Morality, Moral Behavior, and Moral Development(pp. 283-302), New York.: Wiley.
  8. S. H., Song, & H. Seo, "A study on the characteristics and meanings of young children's sharing", Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 31-58, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18023/kjece.2012.32.1.002
  9. C. O. Park, & Y. S. Lee, "A Study on the Development of Young Children's Caring Scale", Early Childhood Education Research & Review ,vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 49-67, 2015.
  10. J. L. Kim, & O. S. Yang, "Development of a Caring Behaviors Scale for Young Children", Early Childhood Education Research & Review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 135-164, 2016.
  11. J. Y. Kim, & C. O. Park, "The effect of a dramatic play program employing personal narratives on young children's self-regulation and caring behavior", Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 21-37, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18023/kjece.2013.33.6.002
  12. Y. J. Ha, & J. H, No, "The effects of caring activities using fairy-tales on children's emotional regulation and peer competence", The Journal of Eco Early Childhood Education & Care, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 21-40, 2014.
  13. S. N. O, K. & O. Lee, "A Study on the development of character education program for young children based caring", The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 137-159, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20437/KOAECE21-5-06
  14. M. S. Choi, & N. W. Ku, "The Relationships Between Empathic Abilities, Intimacy with Seniors and Adjustment to Military Life Recognizable to the Subordinate PDF icon", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1227-1241, 2008.
  15. J.Y. Yeon, A study on the empathic development of Korean children. Master's Thesis from Graduate of Seoul University, 1987.
  16. E. J. Kwak, Effect of Empathy Training Program on the high-school girl's Interpersonal Relationship Formative. Master's Thesis from Graduate of Busan University. 1998.
  17. J. H. Kim, The Relations between Attachment to Parents, Adolescent's Empathy, and Their Conflict-resolution Strategies to Friends. Master's Thesis from Graduate School of Sookmyung Women's University. 2002.
  18. J. H. Lee, & Y. A. Cho, "The Mediating Effects of Empathy in the Relationships between Adult Attachment and Interpersonal Competence", Korean journal of Counseling, vol. 15. no. 2, pp. 579-594, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.2.201404.579
  19. W. Y. Park, & J. S. Ma, & M. Y. Kim, "The Effect of Emotional Control and Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving Ability on Children's Interpersonal Relationship Formative", Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (JKAIS), vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 5083-5090, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.11.5083
  20. S. M. Kim, A Structural Model Analysis of Variable Affecting Children's Interpersonal Relationship Formative Competence. Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Duksung Women's University.
  21. M. S. Lee, & C. H. Kwon, Nel Noddings' View of Care Education -Focus on Infancy Education & Teacher Education-, Secondary education research, vol. 22, pp. 59-79, 2010.
  22. S. K. Lee, Teachers' Interaction to Young Children, Play Flow & Self-Efficacy of Young Children according to Early Childhood Teachers' Teaching Flow. Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Wonkwang University. 2016.
  23. Lipman, M.(2003). Thinking in education, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840272
  24. C. H. Lee, A study to enhance young children's caring thinking through the community of philosophical inquiry. Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Dong Duk University. 2008.
  25. Bryant, B. K. (1982). An Index of empathy for children and adolescents, Child Development, vol. 53, pp. 413- 425, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1128984
  26. S. R Choi, A Study on Relationship between a Linguistic Type of Father and Young. Children's Empathic Level. Master's Thesis from Graduate School of Kangnam University. 2002.
  27. M. J. Kang, Analysis of the Difference in Work Value and Job Preference according to Generation, Master's Thesis from Graduate School of Konkuk University. 2010.
  28. H. J. Lee, The Effect on Prosocial Behavior and empathic ability of young Children through Caring education Activities, Master's Thesis from Graduate Education Sungshin Women's University, 2013.
  29. NICHD(1996), "Character of infant child care : Factors contributing to positive caregiving", Early Childhood Research Quarterly, vol. 11, pp. 269-306, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(96)90009-5
  30. S. Y. Youn, & Y. Y. Sung, "Research on Nursery School Teachers' Recognition of Behavior Characteristics of Ages only Five and Difficulties of Child Care Education", The Research of Child Education and care, vol. 8 no. 1, pp. 37-56, 2012.
  31. J. L. Kim, Development of caring behaviors scale for young children. Doctor's Thesis from Graduate School of Duksung Women's University, 2015.