DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Islamic vs. Non-Islamic Attributes for Smart Tourism City in South Korea

  • Pitria Utami (Global Graduate Hospitality Management and Tourism, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Pam Lee (College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chulmo Koo (College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2018.02.28
  • Accepted : 2018.05.31
  • Published : 2018.06.29

Abstract

Destination attributes represent the attractiveness of destinations that pull tourists to visit them. Destination marketers must understand what motivates tourists to choose certain destination attributes before they travel. Considering religious tourists plays an important aspect in influencing travel decisions, especially destination choices. For instance, the appearance of Islamic religious attributes in destinations can delight Muslim tourists and stimulate their satisfaction and loyalty. This study examines smart tourism city. In particular, it investigates the effects of Seoul's destination attributes on Muslim tourists' satisfaction and loyalty to South Korea. Results show that non-Islamic destination attributes (conventional attributes) have positive relationship with Muslim tourists' satisfaction, and their satisfaction is positively related to their loyalty toward South Korea as a travel destination.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016S1A3A2925146)

References

  1. Abras, C., Maloney-Krichmar, D., and Preece, J. (2004). User-centered design. Bainbridge, W. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 37(4), 445-456.
  2. Al-Hamarneh, A., and Steiner, C. (2004). Islamic tourism: rethinking the strategies of tourism development in the Arab world after September 11, 2001. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24(1), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-24-1-175
  3. Asia Correspondent.com (2010). Ong Hock Chuan. Asia Correspondent. 13th January 2010. Retrieved from https://asiancorrespondent.com
  4. Babbie, E. (2010). The Practice of Social Research (International Edition). Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
  5. Baker, D. A., and Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction, and behavior intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5
  6. Battour, M., Battor, M., and Bhatti, M. A. (2014). Islamic attributes of destination: Construct development and measurement validation, and their impact on tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(6), 556-564. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1947
  7. Battour, M. M., Battor, M. M., and Ismail, M. (2012). The mediating role of tourist satisfaction: A study of Muslim tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(3), 279-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.666174
  8. Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., and Battor, M. (2011). The impact of destination attributes on Muslim tourist's choice. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(6), 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.824
  9. Battour, M., and Ismail, M. N. (2016). Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and future. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008
  10. Bigne, J. E., Andreu, L., and Gnoth, J. (2005). The theme park experience: An analysis of pleasure, arousal and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 26(6), 833-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.05.006
  11. Bigne, J. E., Sanchez, M. I., and Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8
  12. Buhalis, D., and Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalisation of services. Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 377-389). Springer, Cham.
  13. Chen, C. F., and Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
  14. Chen, Y. C., Shang, R. A., and Li, M. J. (2014). The effects of perceived relevance of travel blogs' content on the behavioral intention to visit a tourist destination. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.019
  15. Chi, C. G. Q., and Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.007
  16. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G.A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  17. Collins, D., and Tisdell, C. (2002). Gender and differences in travel life cycles. Journal of Travel Research, 41(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728702237413
  18. Devesa, M., Laguna, M., and Palacios, A. (2010). The role of motivation in visitor satisfaction: Empirical evidence in rural tourism. Tourism Management, 31(4), 547-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.006
  19. Din, K. H. (1989). Islam and tourism: patterns, issues, and options. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(4), 542-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(89)90008-X
  20. Dugan, B. (1994). Religion and food service. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(6), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/001088049403500615
  21. Flavian, C., Martinez, E., andPolo, Y. (2001). Loyalty to grocery stores in the Spanish market of the 1990s. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(99)00028-4
  22. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 382-388. (3rd reviewer 5-5)
  23. Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The Swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600103
  24. Ge, Vanessa., and Kim, K. M. (2014). Which destination attributes do Chinese tourists Prefer between Japan and South Korea. Business Management Review, 47(2), 45-71.
  25. Gefen, D., Straub, D., and Boudreau, M. C. (2000). Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4(1), 1-79. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00407
  26. Global Islamic Economy Gateway (2016). Korea woos Muslim tourists as their visits jump 20pct a year. Retrieved from http://www.salaamgateway.com/en/travel/story/korea_woos_muslim_tourists _as_their_visits_jump_20_pct_a_year-SALAAM09 022016091821/
  27. Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., and Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
  28. Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
  29. Han, H., and Lee, J. (2009). An exploratory study on the Malaysian Muslim tourism market to Korea. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 13(1), 167-196.
  30. Hashim, N. H., Murphy, J., and Muhamad Hashim, N. (2007). Islam and online imagery on Malaysian tourist destination websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 1082-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00364.x
  31. Hashim, C. N., and Langgulung, H. (2008). Islamic religious curriculum in Muslim countries: The experiences of Indonesia and Malaysia. Bulletin of Education & Research, 30(1), 1-19.
  32. Henderson, J. C. (2003). Managing tourism and Islam in Peninsular Malaysia. Tourism Management, 24(4), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00106-1
  33. Hutchinson, J., Lai, F., and Wang, Y. (2009). Understanding the relationships of quality, value, equity, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions among golf travelers. Tourism Management, 30(2), 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.010
  34. Huang, S., and Hsu, C. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508328793
  35. Jang, S. S., and Feng, R. (2007). Temporal destination revisit intention: The effects of novelty seeking and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(2), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.024
  36. Jeong, E., and Jang, S. S. (2011). Restaurant experiences triggering positive electronic word-of mouth (eWOM) motivations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 356-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.08.005
  37. Kim, H. (1998). Perceived attractiveness of Korean destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 340-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00007-3
  38. Kim, S. S., Lee, H., and Chon, K. S. K. (2010). Segmentation of different types of Hallyu tourists using a multinomial model and its marketing implications. Journal of Hospitality &Tourism Research, 34(3), 341-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348009350646
  39. Kim, S. S., Im, H. H., and King, B. E. (2015). Muslim travelers in Asia: The destination preferences and brand perceptions of Malaysian tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 21(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766714549648
  40. Koo, C., Shin, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., and Chung, N. (2013). Smart Tourism of the Korea: A Case Study. In PACIS (p. 138).
  41. Kozak, M., and Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 260-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800308
  42. KTO (2002). Hallyu (Korean wave) tourist marketing. Retrieved from http://www.knto.or.kr/eng/hallyu/hallyuintro.html
  43. KTO (2015). Korea Tourism Statistics. Retrieved from http://kto.visitkorea.or.kr/kor/notice/data/statis/profit/board/view.kto?id=423699&isNotice=true&instanceId=294&rnum=0
  44. Lee, P., and Kim, C. W. (2017). A Study of the Psychological Distance Towards Korean Tourism: The Case of Muslim Tourists' Perspective. Korea Service Management Society, 18(5), 187-209. https://doi.org/10.15706/JKSMS.2017.18.5.009
  45. Mansfeld, Y., Ron, A., and Gev, D. (2000). Muslim Tourism to Israel-Characterization, Trends and Potential. University of Haifa: Center for Tourism, Pilgrimage, and Recreation Research (in Hebrew).
  46. Meng, F., Tepanon, Y., and Uysal, M. (2008). Measuring tourist satisfaction by attribute and motivation: The case of a nature-based resort. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707084218
  47. Mohsin, A. (2005). Tourist attitudes and destination marketing-the case of Australia's NorthernTerritory and Malaysia. Tourism Management, 26(5), 723-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.012
  48. Namkung, Y., and Jang, S. (2007). Does food quality really matter in restaurants? Its impact on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 31(3), 387-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348007299924
  49. Norman, D. A., and Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design: New perspectives on human-computer interaction. CRC Press. (3rd reviewer 3-5)
  50. Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  51. Oppermann, M. (1998). Destination threshold potential and law of repeat visitation. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700204
  52. Pew Research Center (2015). The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050. Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050
  53. Qu, H., and Ping, E. W. Y. (1999). A service performance model of Hong Kong cruise travelers' motivation factors and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 20(2), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00073-9
  54. SESRIC (2010). International tourism in the OIC countries: prospects and challenges 2010. Retrieved from http://www.sesric.org/files/article/419.pdf
  55. Syed, O. A. (2001). Catering to the needs of Muslim travellers. Paper presented at the 2nd Conference of Ministers from Muslim Countries, Tourism: Challenges and Opportunities, Kuala Lumpur, 10-13 October.
  56. Timothy, D., and Iverson, T. (2006). Tourism and Islam: consideration of culture and duty. In Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys, Timothy D, Olsen D (eds). Oxon: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 186-205.
  57. Weidenfeld, A., and Ron, A. (2008). Religious needs in the tourism industry. Anatolia: International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(2), 18-22.
  58. WTM (2007). The world travel market global trend reports 2007. London, United Kingdom: World Travel Market.
  59. Yoon, Y., and Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
  60. Zabkar, V., Brencic, M. M., and Dmitrovic, T. (2010). Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level. Tourism Management, 31(4), 537-546.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.005