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Effects of the Planetarium Lesson on Students' Understanding of Astronomical Concepts

천체투영관 수업이 학생들의 천문 개념 이해에 미치는 효과

  • Received : 2018.02.27
  • Accepted : 2018.04.05
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

Astronomy is the subject that can easily draw students' interest in studying science, therefore plays an important role in developing scientific core competence. However, it is difficult to develop spatial thinking that is required in understanding astronomical concepts through the classroom lessons. Planetarium, along with the science museum, is one of the most representative informal educational institution where astronomical concepts can be taught beyond time and space constraints. In this study, we developed the astronomy education program that is operated in the planetarium and applied the program to the elementary, middle and high-school students to investigate the effects of the planetarium lesson compared to the classroom lesson. The duration of this research was about 8 months, and the number of the students involved is 761, including participants of the 1 night and 2 days camps in the Daegu National Science Museum. The newly developed planetarium lesson is comparable to the previous classroom lesson of which topics are cardinal points, constellation, and the rotation of the earth. Test items were developed to evaluate the understanding of the astronomical concepts. The study was conducted based on the pre- and post-test with non-equivalent groups design comparing classroom and planetarium lessons. The results of this study are as follows. First, planetarium lesson is more effective for understanding astronomical concepts such as the cardinal points, earth's rotation, and the constellation than classroom lesson. Second, planetarium has a positive effect irrespective of gender and previous knowledge. Third, planetarium for high school students has the same effect as additional observation activities followed by the classroom instruction. Therefore, planetarium can be used as an alternative, effective tool when night observation is not available. In summary, planetarium is an effective tool that helps students to understand the astronomical concepts.

천문학은 학생들이 쉽게 흥미를 느끼는 분야로 과학에 대한 호기심을 토대로 과학적 핵심역량 함양에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 제한된 공간인 교실에서 이루어지는 학교 교육을 통해서는 천문학의 핵심 개념 이해에 필요한 공간적 사고를 발달시키기 어렵다. 주로 과학관에 위치하며 체험, 관람시설의 성격을 지닌 천체투영관은 시간과 공간의 제약을 넘어 천문학 개념을 교수할 수 있는 공간으로, 천체투영관에서 진행되는 비형식 교육은 정규교육과정을 보완할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 천체투영관을 이용한 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 초등, 중등, 고등학생에게 적용하여 천체투영관이 천문 개념에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 국립대구과학관 1박 2일 캠프에 참가하여 천문 교육 프로그램을 수료한 학생을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 총 연구 기간은 8개월, 연구 대상 인원은 761명이다. 기존 캠프에서는 교실에서 방위, 별자리, 지구의 자전 등에 관한 수업을 진행하였는데 이와 동일한 내용을 천체투영관 수업용으로 개발하였으며, 수업 전과 후에 개념 이해 정도를 측정할 수 있는 검사 문항을 제작하였다. 이후 실제로 교실 수업 혹은 천체투영관 수업을 진행하여 수업의 효과를 비교하는 이질통제집단 전후검사 설계에 기초하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 천체투영관 수업은 교실 수업에 비해 방위, 지구의 자전, 별자리 개념 이해에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 성별이나 학생들의 사전 천문학 지식 정도 등과 같은 메타 요인과 무관하게 천체투영관 수업은 개념 이해도 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 고등학생에게 천체투영관 수업은 교실 수업 이후 추가적으로 수행하는 야간 관측 활동과 동일한 효과가 있었다. 따라서 야간 관측이 불가능한 환경에서 천체투영관은 이를 대체할 수 있을 것이다. 종합하면 천체투영관은 학생들의 천문 개념 이해에 도움이 되는 효과적인 교육 수단이라 할 수 있으며, 보다 효율적인 활용을 위해 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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  1. 국내외 천문 교육 프로그램 관련 연구 동향 비교 분석 vol.36, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5303/pkas.2021.36.1.025