현장농수산연구지 (Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research)

국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 (Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries)
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농촌지역 불완전고용 해소와 농업의 일자리 확대 방향

A New Direction of Rural Underemployment and Non-Farm Employment

  • Lee, M.S. (Korea National College of Agriculture & Fisheries)
  • 발행 : 2018.11.30
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초록

현재 농촌은 농업의 경제적 비중이 줄어드는 대신 타 산업의 비중이 커지는 구조적 변화를 겪고 있다. 본 연구는 농업에 기반한 일자리가 지속적으로 감소하고 있는 국내 농촌의 새로운 일자리 창출 정책방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위해서 우선 농촌 고용구조 변화의 가장 큰 특징인 농가의 불완전고용 현황을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 불완전고용 해소를 위한 정책 방향을 제시하였다. 두 번째로는 농촌지역의 농업 및 비농업부문 고용현황을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 농촌지역의 일자리 구조변화에 대응한 새로운 농촌지역 일자리 창출 방안을 제시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재 농가는 농업소득과 농업외 소득 확보 정도에 따라 다양하게 분화되고 있다. 따라서 농업경영체의 발전 경로를 고려한 농가별 맞춤형 정책 추진이 필요하다. 둘째, 불완전 고용상태에 놓여 있는 저소득 농가에 대한 정책지원이 강화되어야 한다. 농가소득 변화를 살펴보면 농가의 불완전 고용이 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 따라서 농가다각화 및 농외 일자리 창출 정책을 통해 불완전고용 농가의 소득을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 셋째, 농촌창업을 농업외 일자리 창출의 핵심정책으로 설정하고 체계적으로 지원할 필요가 있다. 농촌창업 기업가들은 지역 혁신과 새로운 일자리 창출에 가장 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 넷째, 최근 농촌지역에서 가장 빨리 증가하는 일자리는 보건·복지분야이다. 보건·복지분야의 일자리를 지역공동체와 연계하여 안정적으로 확대할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서는 공동체 기반 농촌형 사회적기업, 커뮤니티 비즈니스, 협동조합을 적극 육성해야 한다.

Currently, rural labor markets are undergoing a structural change in which the proportion of non-agricultural industries is increasing, instead of decreasing the proportion of agriculture. The purpose of this study is to propose policy for job creation in rural areas through analyzing the employment situation in Rural Korea in the context of this structural change. Using the Census of Agriculture, Farm Household Economy Survey, we analyzed the increase of low income farmers and self-employed farmers. We analyzed the changes of non-farm employment in rural areas using the Census on Establishment. The main results of the study are as follows. First, farms' pathways are very diverse by the levels of income from their own farming and other gainful activities. It is necessary to implement policies that take into account the development pathways of farm household. Second, most of the farms are in low-income and self-employment status. In order to increase their incomes, it is necessary to increase non-farm income earning policy. The rural non-farm economy is becoming increasingly important in rural Korea. The growth of the non-farm economy will be crucially important when it comes to creating new jobs in rural areas in rural Korea. Third, it is necessary to provide systematic support for rural entrepreneurship as a core policy for expanding jobs beyond agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship has the potential to drive innovations that can reduce poverty and create employment. Fourth, there is a need for measures to increase jobs in the welfare field, which is growing fastest in recent years. In the welfare field, we can find vigorous collective actions in some rural communities such as community business, cooperative movement and various community development activities. Those activities will help increase the employment of aged farmers and low-income farm household.

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