DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Categorization and production in lexical pitch accent contrasts of North Kyungsang Korean

  • Received : 2018.02.02
  • Accepted : 2018.03.12
  • Published : 2018.03.31

Abstract

Categorical production in language processing helps speakers to produce phonemic contrasts. This categorization and production is utilized for the production-based and imitation-based approach in the present study. Contrastive signals in speakers' speech reflect the shapes of boundaries with categorical characteristics. Signals that provide information about lexical pitch accent contrasts can introduce categorical distinctions for productive and cognitive selection. This experiment was conducted with nine North Kyungsang speakers for a production task and nine North Kyungsang speakers for an imitation task. The first finding of the present study is the rigidity of categorical production, which controls the boundaries of lexical pitch accent contrasts. The categorization of North Kyungsang speakers' production allows them to classify minimal pitch accent contrasts. The categorical production in imitation appeared in two clusters, representing two meaningful contrasts. The second finding of the present study is that there are individual differences in speakers' production and imitation responses. The distinctive performances of individual speakers showed a variety of curves. For the HL-LH patterns, the categorical production tended to be highly distinctive as compared to the other pitch accent patterns (HH-HL and HH-LH), showing that there are more continuous curves than categorical curves. Finally, the present study shows that, for North Kyungsang speakers, imitative production is the core type of categorical production for determining the existence of the lexical pitch accent system. However, several questions remain for defining that categorical production, which leads to ideas for future research.

Keywords

References

  1. Alivuotila, L., Hakokari, J., Savela, J., Happonen, R-P., & Aaltonen, O. (2007). Perception and imitation of Finnish open vowels among children, naive adults, and trained phoneticians. Proceedings of ICPhS XVI (pp. 361-364). Saabrucken. 6-10 August, 2007.
  2. Martin, A., Quinn, K., & Park, J. (2011). MCMCpack: Markov Chain Monte Carlo in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 42(9), 1-21.
  3. Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1-48.
  4. Flege, J., & Eefting, W. (1988). Imitation of a VOT continuum by native speakers of English and Spanish: Evidence for phonetic category formation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83(2), 729-740. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396115
  5. Honorof, D., Weihing, J., & Fowler, C. (2011). Articulatory events are imitated under rapid shadowing. Journal of Phonetics, 39, 18-38.
  6. Kent, R. (1979). Imitation of synthesized English and nonEnglish vowels by children and adults. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 8(1), 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067130
  7. Kent, R., & Forner, L. (1979). Developmental study of vowel formant frequencies in an imitation task. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 65(1), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382237
  8. Kim, G. (1988). The pitch accent system of the Taegu dialect of Korean with emphasis on tone sandhi at the phrasal level. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Hawaii, Manoa.
  9. Kim, J. (2012). F0 extrema timing of HL and LH in North Kyungsang Korean: Evidence of from a mimicry task. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 4(3), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2012.4.3.043
  10. Kim, J. (2014). The continuous or categorical effects for HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH in lexical pitch accent contrasts of Korean. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 6(4), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2014.6.4.053
  11. Kim, N. (1997). Tone, segments and their interaction in North Kyungsang Korean: A correspondence theoretic account. Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University.
  12. Kuhl, P., & Meltzoff, A. (1996). Infant vocalizations in response to speech: Vocal imitation and developmental change. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100(4), 2425-2438. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.417951
  13. Leonard, L., Schwartz, R., Folger, M., & Wilcox, M. (1978). Some aspects of child phonology in imitative and spontaneous speech. Journal of Child Language, 5(3), 403-415.
  14. Liberman, A., Delattre, P., Gerstman, L., & Cooper, F. (1956). Tempo of frequency change as a cue for distinguishing classes of speech sounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041240
  15. Pierrehumbert, J., & Steele, S. (1989). Categories of tonal alignment in English. Phonetica, 46(4), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1159/000261842
  16. Shockley, K., Sabadini, L., & Fowler, C. (2004). Imitation in shadowing words. Perception & Psychophysics, 66(3), 422-429. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194890
  17. Spring, D., & Dale, P. (1977). Discrimination of linguistic stress in early infancy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 20(2), 224-232.