Safety and Health at Work

  • 제9권1호
  • /
  • Pages.59-62
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2093-7911(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-7997(eISSN)
산업안전보건연구원 (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determining Sincerity of Effort Based on Grip Strength Test in Three Wrist Positions

  • 투고 : 2017.02.15
  • 심사 : 2017.06.05
  • 발행 : 2018.03.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Background: Several grip strength tests are commonly used for detecting sincerity of effort. However, there is still no widely accepted standardized sincerity of effort test. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether grip strength test in three wrist positions could distinguish between maximal and submaximal efforts. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals (10 men and 10 women) with a mean age of $26.7{\pm}3.92years$ participated in this study. All participants completed two test conditions (maximal and submaximal efforts) in three wrist positions (neutral, flexion, and extension) using both hands. Each participant exerted 100% effort in the maximal effort condition and 50% effort in the submaximal effort condition. The participants performed three repetitions of the grip strength test for each session. Results: The results showed that there is a significant main effect of the type of effort (p < 0.001), wrist position (p < 0.001), and hand (p = 0.028). There were also significant types of effort and wrist position interactions (p < 0.001) and effort and hand interactions (p < 0.028). The results also showed that grip strength was highest at the wrist in neutral position in both the maximal and the submaximal effort condition. Grip strength values of the three wrist positions in the maximal effort condition were noticeably greater than those in the submaximal effort condition. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that grip strength test in three wrist positions can differentiate a maximal effort from a submaximal effort. Thus, this test could potentially be used to detect sincerity of effort in clinical setting.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Lechner DE, Roch D, Straaton K. Functional capacity evaluation in work disability. Work 1991;1:37-47.
  2. King PM, Tuckwell N, Barrett TE. A critical review of functional capacity evaluations. Phys Ther 1998;78:852-66.
  3. Robinson ME, Geisser ME, Hanson CS, O'Connor PD. Detecting submaximal efforts in grip strength testing with the coefficient of variation. J Occup Rehabil 1993;3:45-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01076741
  4. Ashford RF, Nagelburg S, Adkins R. Sensitivity of the Jamar dynamometer in detecting submaximal grip effort. J Hand Surg 1996;21:402-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(96)80352-2
  5. Sindhu BS, Shechtman O, Veazie PJ. Identifying sincerity of effort based on the combined predictive ability of multiple grip strength tests. J Hand Ther 2012;25:308-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2012.03.007
  6. Niebuhr BR, Marion R, Hasson SM. Electromyographic analysis of effort in grip strength assessment. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;33:149-56.
  7. Sindhu BS, Shechtman O. Using the surface electromyographic signal to identify maximal versus submaximal efforts in people with upper extremity injuries. J Hand Surg 2009;34:53-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(09)60141-6
  8. Shechtman O, Hope LM, Sindhu BS. Evaluation of the torque-velocity test of the BTE-Primus as a measure of sincerity of effort of grip strength. J Hand Ther 2007;20:326-34. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2007.07.009
  9. Shechtman O, Sindhu BS, Davenport PW. Using the force-time curve to detect maximal grip strength effort. J Hand Ther 2007;20:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2006.10.006
  10. Sindhu BS, Shechtman O. Using the force-time curve to determine sincerity of effort in people with upper extremity injuries. J Hand Ther 2011;24:22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2010.07.005
  11. Tredgett M, Pimble LJ, Davis TR. The detection of feigned hand weakness using the five position grip strength test. J Hand Surg 1999;24:426-8. https://doi.org/10.1054/JHSB.1999.0205
  12. Shechtman O, Gutierrez Z, Kokendofer E. Analysis of the statistical methods used to detect submaximal effort with the five-rung grip strength test. J Hand Ther 2005;18:10-8. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2004.10.004
  13. Westbrook AP, Tredgett MW, Davis TR, Oni JA. The rapid exchange grip strength test and the detection of submaximal grip effort. J Hand Surg 2002;27:329-33.
  14. Shechtman O, Goodall SK. The administration and interpretation of the rapid exchange grip test: a national survey. J Hand Ther 2008;21:18-27. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2007.07.021
  15. Shechtman O. Is the coefficient of variation a valid measure for detecting sincerity of effort of grip strength? Work 1999;13:163-9.
  16. Shechtman O. Using the coefficient of variation to detect sincerity of effort of grip strength: a literature review. J Hand Ther 2000;13:25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-1130(00)80049-6
  17. Stokes HM. The seriously uninjured hand-weakness of grip. J Occup Med 1983;25:683-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198309000-00017
  18. Lister G. The hand: diagnosis and indications. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Churchill Livingstone; 1984.
  19. Pryce JC. The wrist position between neutral and ulnar deviation that facilitates the maximum power grip strength. J Biomech 1980;13:505-11.
  20. Lamoreaux L, Hoffer MM. The effect of wrist deviation on grip and pinch strength. Clin Orthop 1995;14:152-5.
  21. O'Driscoll SW, Horii E, Ness R, Cahalan TD, Richards RR, An KN. The relationship between wrist position, grasp size, and grip strength. J Hand Surg 1992;17A:169-77.
  22. Li ZM. The influence of wrist position on individual finger forces during forceful grip. J Hand Surg 2002;27:886-96. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2002.35078
  23. Fess EE. Grip strength. In: Casanova JS, editor. Clinical assessment recommendations. 2nd ed. Chicago (IL): The American Society of Hand Therapists; 1992. p. 41-5.
  24. Trossman PB, Li PW. The effect of the duration of intertrial rest periods on isometric grip strength performance in young adults. Occup Ther J Res 1989;9:362-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944928900900604
  25. Loren GJ, Shoemaker SD, Burkholder TJ, Jacobson MD, Friden J, Lieber RL. Human wrist motors: biomechanical design and application to tendon transfers. J Biomech 1996;29:331-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00055-0
  26. Niebuhr BR, Marion R. Detecting sincerity of effort when measuring grip strength. Am J Phys Med 1987;66:16-24.
  27. Noguchi T, Demura S, Aoki H. Superiority of the dominant and nondominant hand in static strength and controlled force exertion. Percept Mot Skills 2009;109:339-46. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.2.339-346
  28. Kroemer KH, Marras WS. Towards an objective assessment of the “maximal voluntary contraction” component in routine muscle strength measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1980;45:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00421195

피인용 문헌

  1. The Effects of Industrial Protective Gloves and Hand Skin Temperatures on Hand Grip Strength and Discomfort Rating vol.14, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121506
  2. Effect of wrist position on grip force sense in healthy adults vol.30, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20836
  3. Influences of Neck and/or Wrist Pain on Hand Grip Strength of Industrial Quality Proofing Workers vol.11, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.06.008
  4. Identifying sincerity of effort by grip strength ratio of three wrist positions in individuals with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders vol.63, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12295
  5. Differentiating maximal and submaximal voluntary strength measures for the purposes of medico-legal assessments and para sport classification: A systematic review vol.21, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1834623
  6. Normative Static Grip Strength of Saudi Arabia’s Population and Influences of Numerous Factors on Grip Strength vol.9, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121647